Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Ea...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6837200 2023-05-15T13:33:55+02:00 Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind 2019-10-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837200/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824735 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 en eng The Royal Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837200/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 © 2019 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Engineering Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 2019-12-15T01:14:56Z Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Royal Society Open Science 6 10 191387 |
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English |
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Engineering |
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Engineering Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
topic_facet |
Engineering |
description |
Negatively buoyant freely swimming crustaceans such as krill must generate downward momentum in order to maintain their position in the water column. These animals use a drag-based propulsion strategy, where pairs of closely spaced swimming limbs are oscillated rhythmically from the tail to head. Each pair is oscillated with a phase delay relative to the neighbouring pair, resulting in a metachronal wave travelling in the direction of animal motion. It remains unclear how oscillations of limbs in the horizontal plane can generate vertical momentum. Using particle image velocimetry measurements on a robotic model, we observed that metachronal paddling with non-zero phase lag created geometries of adjacent paddles that promote the formation of counter-rotating vortices. The interaction of these vortices resulted in generating large-scale angled downward jets. Increasing phase lag resulted in more vertical orientation of the jet, and phase lags in the range used by Antarctic krill produced the most total momentum. Synchronous paddling produced lower total momentum when compared with metachronal paddling. Lowering Reynolds number by an order of magnitude below the range of adult krill (250–1000) showed diminished downward propagation of the jet and lower vertical momentum. Our findings show that metachronal paddling is capable of producing flows that can generate both lift (vertical) and thrust (horizontal) forces needed for fast forward swimming and hovering. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
author_facet |
Ford, Mitchell P. Lai, Hong Kuan Samaee, Milad Santhanakrishnan, Arvind |
author_sort |
Ford, Mitchell P. |
title |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_short |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_full |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_fullStr |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying Reynolds number and phase lag |
title_sort |
hydrodynamics of metachronal paddling: effects of varying reynolds number and phase lag |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837200/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824735 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6837200/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31824735 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 |
op_rights |
© 2019 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191387 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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6 |
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10 |
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191387 |
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1766046928337895424 |