Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior
Behavioral data can be important for effective management of endangered marine predators, but can be challenging to obtain. We utilized suction cup-attached biologging tags equipped with stereo hydrophones, triaxial accelerometers, triaxial magnetometers, pressure and temperature sensors, to charact...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6802385 2023-05-15T17:03:36+02:00 Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior Tennessen, Jennifer B. Holt, Marla M. Ward, Eric J. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Giles, Deborah A. Hogan, Jeffrey T. 2019-10-18 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802385/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628371 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802385/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 2019-10-27T00:30:53Z Behavioral data can be important for effective management of endangered marine predators, but can be challenging to obtain. We utilized suction cup-attached biologging tags equipped with stereo hydrophones, triaxial accelerometers, triaxial magnetometers, pressure and temperature sensors, to characterize the subsurface behavior of an endangered population of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Tags recorded depth, acoustic and movement behavior on fish-eating killer whales in the Salish Sea between 2010–2014. We tested the hypotheses that (a) distinct behavioral states can be characterized by integrating movement and acoustic variables, (b) subsurface foraging occurs in bouts, with distinct periods of searching and capture temporally separated from travel, and (c) the probabilities of transitioning between behavioral states differ by sex. Using Hidden Markov modeling of two acoustic and four movement variables, we identified five temporally distinct behavioral states. Persistence in the same state on a subsequent dive had the greatest likelihood, with the exception of deep prey pursuit, indicating that behavior was clustered in time. Additionally, females spent more time at the surface than males, and engaged in less foraging behavior. These results reveal significant complexity and sex differences in subsurface foraging behavior, and underscore the importance of incorporating behavior into the design of conservation strategies. Text Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale PubMed Central (PMC) Scientific Reports 9 1 |
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Article Tennessen, Jennifer B. Holt, Marla M. Ward, Eric J. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Giles, Deborah A. Hogan, Jeffrey T. Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
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description |
Behavioral data can be important for effective management of endangered marine predators, but can be challenging to obtain. We utilized suction cup-attached biologging tags equipped with stereo hydrophones, triaxial accelerometers, triaxial magnetometers, pressure and temperature sensors, to characterize the subsurface behavior of an endangered population of killer whales (Orcinus orca). Tags recorded depth, acoustic and movement behavior on fish-eating killer whales in the Salish Sea between 2010–2014. We tested the hypotheses that (a) distinct behavioral states can be characterized by integrating movement and acoustic variables, (b) subsurface foraging occurs in bouts, with distinct periods of searching and capture temporally separated from travel, and (c) the probabilities of transitioning between behavioral states differ by sex. Using Hidden Markov modeling of two acoustic and four movement variables, we identified five temporally distinct behavioral states. Persistence in the same state on a subsequent dive had the greatest likelihood, with the exception of deep prey pursuit, indicating that behavior was clustered in time. Additionally, females spent more time at the surface than males, and engaged in less foraging behavior. These results reveal significant complexity and sex differences in subsurface foraging behavior, and underscore the importance of incorporating behavior into the design of conservation strategies. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tennessen, Jennifer B. Holt, Marla M. Ward, Eric J. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Giles, Deborah A. Hogan, Jeffrey T. |
author_facet |
Tennessen, Jennifer B. Holt, Marla M. Ward, Eric J. Hanson, M. Bradley Emmons, Candice K. Giles, Deborah A. Hogan, Jeffrey T. |
author_sort |
Tennessen, Jennifer B. |
title |
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
title_short |
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
title_full |
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
title_fullStr |
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hidden Markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
title_sort |
hidden markov models reveal temporal patterns and sex differences in killer whale behavior |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802385/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628371 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6802385/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31628371 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50942-2 |
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Scientific Reports |
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9 |
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