Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2
Thawing of subsea permafrost can impact offshore infrastructure, affect coastal erosion, and release permafrost organic matter. Thawing is usually modeled as the result of heat transfer, although salt diffusion may play an important role in marine settings. To better quantify nearshore subsea permaf...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6686719 2023-05-15T15:11:13+02:00 Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 Angelopoulos, Michael Westermann, Sebastian Overduin, Paul Faguet, Alexey Olenchenko, Vladimir Grosse, Guido Grigoriev, Mikhail N. 2019-04-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686719/ https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686719/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 ©2019. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. CC-BY-NC-ND Research Articles Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 2019-08-18T00:49:03Z Thawing of subsea permafrost can impact offshore infrastructure, affect coastal erosion, and release permafrost organic matter. Thawing is usually modeled as the result of heat transfer, although salt diffusion may play an important role in marine settings. To better quantify nearshore subsea permafrost thawing, we applied the CryoGRID2 heat diffusion model and coupled it to a salt diffusion model. We simulated coastline retreat and subsea permafrost evolution as it develops through successive stages of a thawing sequence at the Bykovsky Peninsula, Siberia. Sensitivity analyses for seawater salinity were performed to compare the results for the Bykovsky Peninsula with those of typical Arctic seawater. For the Bykovsky Peninsula, the modeled ice‐bearing permafrost table (IBPT) for ice‐rich sand and an erosion rate of 0.25 m/year was 16.7 m below the seabed 350 m offshore. The model outputs were compared to the IBPT depth estimated from coastline retreat and electrical resistivity surveys perpendicular to and crossing the shoreline of the Bykovsky Peninsula. The interpreted geoelectric data suggest that the IBPT dipped to 15–20 m below the seabed at 350 m offshore. Both results suggest that cold saline water forms beneath grounded ice and floating sea ice in shallow water, causing cryotic benthic temperatures. The freezing point depression produced by salt diffusion can delay or prevent ice formation in the sediment and enhance the IBPT degradation rate. Therefore, salt diffusion may facilitate the release of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and considerably affect the design of offshore and coastal infrastructure in subsea permafrost areas. Text Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice Siberia PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 124 4 920 937 |
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Research Articles |
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Research Articles Angelopoulos, Michael Westermann, Sebastian Overduin, Paul Faguet, Alexey Olenchenko, Vladimir Grosse, Guido Grigoriev, Mikhail N. Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
topic_facet |
Research Articles |
description |
Thawing of subsea permafrost can impact offshore infrastructure, affect coastal erosion, and release permafrost organic matter. Thawing is usually modeled as the result of heat transfer, although salt diffusion may play an important role in marine settings. To better quantify nearshore subsea permafrost thawing, we applied the CryoGRID2 heat diffusion model and coupled it to a salt diffusion model. We simulated coastline retreat and subsea permafrost evolution as it develops through successive stages of a thawing sequence at the Bykovsky Peninsula, Siberia. Sensitivity analyses for seawater salinity were performed to compare the results for the Bykovsky Peninsula with those of typical Arctic seawater. For the Bykovsky Peninsula, the modeled ice‐bearing permafrost table (IBPT) for ice‐rich sand and an erosion rate of 0.25 m/year was 16.7 m below the seabed 350 m offshore. The model outputs were compared to the IBPT depth estimated from coastline retreat and electrical resistivity surveys perpendicular to and crossing the shoreline of the Bykovsky Peninsula. The interpreted geoelectric data suggest that the IBPT dipped to 15–20 m below the seabed at 350 m offshore. Both results suggest that cold saline water forms beneath grounded ice and floating sea ice in shallow water, causing cryotic benthic temperatures. The freezing point depression produced by salt diffusion can delay or prevent ice formation in the sediment and enhance the IBPT degradation rate. Therefore, salt diffusion may facilitate the release of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and considerably affect the design of offshore and coastal infrastructure in subsea permafrost areas. |
format |
Text |
author |
Angelopoulos, Michael Westermann, Sebastian Overduin, Paul Faguet, Alexey Olenchenko, Vladimir Grosse, Guido Grigoriev, Mikhail N. |
author_facet |
Angelopoulos, Michael Westermann, Sebastian Overduin, Paul Faguet, Alexey Olenchenko, Vladimir Grosse, Guido Grigoriev, Mikhail N. |
author_sort |
Angelopoulos, Michael |
title |
Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
title_short |
Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
title_full |
Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
title_fullStr |
Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Heat and Salt Flow in Subsea Permafrost Modeled with CryoGRID2 |
title_sort |
heat and salt flow in subsea permafrost modeled with cryogrid2 |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686719/ https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice Siberia |
genre_facet |
Arctic Ice permafrost Sea ice Siberia |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6686719/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 |
op_rights |
©2019. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JF004823 |
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
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124 |
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4 |
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920 |
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937 |
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