A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic
Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 10(6) km(2) in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979–2018 satellite multichannel passi...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6642375 2023-05-15T13:31:34+02:00 A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic Parkinson, Claire L. 2019-07-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642375/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262810 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642375/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262810 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . CC-BY-NC-ND Physical Sciences Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 2019-08-04T00:55:19Z Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 10(6) km(2) in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979–2018 satellite multichannel passive-microwave record, 10.7 × 10(6) km(2), in 2017. In contrast, it took the Arctic sea ice cover a full 3 decades to register a loss that great in yearly average ice extents. Still, when considering the 40-y record as a whole, the Antarctic sea ice continues to have a positive overall trend in yearly average ice extents, although at 11,300 ± 5,300 km(2)⋅y(−1), this trend is only 50% of the trend for 1979–2014, before the precipitous decline. Four of the 5 sectors into which the Antarctic sea ice cover is divided all also have 40-y positive trends that are well reduced from their 2014–2017 values. The one anomalous sector in this regard, the Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas, has a 40-y negative trend, with the yearly average ice extents decreasing overall in the first 3 decades, reaching a minimum in 2007, and exhibiting an overall upward trend since 2007 (i.e., reflecting a reversal in the opposite direction from the other 4 sectors and the Antarctic sea ice cover as a whole). Text Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116 29 14414 14423 |
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Physical Sciences |
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Physical Sciences Parkinson, Claire L. A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
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Physical Sciences |
description |
Following over 3 decades of gradual but uneven increases in sea ice coverage, the yearly average Antarctic sea ice extents reached a record high of 12.8 × 10(6) km(2) in 2014, followed by a decline so precipitous that they reached their lowest value in the 40-y 1979–2018 satellite multichannel passive-microwave record, 10.7 × 10(6) km(2), in 2017. In contrast, it took the Arctic sea ice cover a full 3 decades to register a loss that great in yearly average ice extents. Still, when considering the 40-y record as a whole, the Antarctic sea ice continues to have a positive overall trend in yearly average ice extents, although at 11,300 ± 5,300 km(2)⋅y(−1), this trend is only 50% of the trend for 1979–2014, before the precipitous decline. Four of the 5 sectors into which the Antarctic sea ice cover is divided all also have 40-y positive trends that are well reduced from their 2014–2017 values. The one anomalous sector in this regard, the Bellingshausen/Amundsen Seas, has a 40-y negative trend, with the yearly average ice extents decreasing overall in the first 3 decades, reaching a minimum in 2007, and exhibiting an overall upward trend since 2007 (i.e., reflecting a reversal in the opposite direction from the other 4 sectors and the Antarctic sea ice cover as a whole). |
format |
Text |
author |
Parkinson, Claire L. |
author_facet |
Parkinson, Claire L. |
author_sort |
Parkinson, Claire L. |
title |
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
title_short |
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
title_full |
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
title_fullStr |
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
title_full_unstemmed |
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic |
title_sort |
40-y record reveals gradual antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the arctic |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642375/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262810 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 |
geographic |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Arctic The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Arctic Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6642375/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31262810 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2019 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
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CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906556116 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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116 |
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29 |
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14414 |
op_container_end_page |
14423 |
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1766018956638814208 |