Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast)
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevale...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6628425 2023-05-15T17:34:10+02:00 Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) Silva, Marisa Rodríguez, Inés Barreiro, Aldo Kaufmann, Manfred Neto, Ana Isabel Hassouani, Meryem Sabour, Brahim Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor 2019-05-29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 2019-08-04T00:41:31Z Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus. Text North Atlantic Nucella lapillus PubMed Central (PMC) Toxins 11 6 306 |
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Article Silva, Marisa Rodríguez, Inés Barreiro, Aldo Kaufmann, Manfred Neto, Ana Isabel Hassouani, Meryem Sabour, Brahim Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
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description |
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent alkaloid typically from tropical ecosystems, but in the last decade its presence has been more pronounced in the temperate waters of the Atlantic. In its last scientific opinion, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) stressed the need for data regarding TTX prevalence in European waters. To address EFSA’s concerns, benthic organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms and fish with different feeding habits were collected along the Portuguese continental coast, islands (São Miguel, Azores, and Madeira) and the northwestern Moroccan coast. A total of 165 samples were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) and ultra high performance chromatography mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Geographical tendencies were detected as follows, by descending order: S. Miguel Island (Azores), Moroccan coast, Madeira Island and Portuguese continental coast. The toxin amounts detected were significant, above the Dutch limit value established in 2017, showing the importance and the need for continuity of these studies to gain more knowledge about the prevalence of these toxins, unraveling new vectors, in order to better assess human health risk. This work represents a general overview of new TTX bearers (7) most of them in gastropods (Patella depressa, Nucella lapillus, Onchidella celtica and Aplysia depilans), followed by echinoderms (Echinus esculentus and Ophidiaster ophidianus) and puffer fish Sphoeroides marmoratus. |
format |
Text |
author |
Silva, Marisa Rodríguez, Inés Barreiro, Aldo Kaufmann, Manfred Neto, Ana Isabel Hassouani, Meryem Sabour, Brahim Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_facet |
Silva, Marisa Rodríguez, Inés Barreiro, Aldo Kaufmann, Manfred Neto, Ana Isabel Hassouani, Meryem Sabour, Brahim Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_sort |
Silva, Marisa |
title |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_short |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_full |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_fullStr |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Tetrodotoxins Occurrence in Non-Traditional Vectors of the North Atlantic Waters (Portuguese Maritime Territory, and Morocco Coast) |
title_sort |
tetrodotoxins occurrence in non-traditional vectors of the north atlantic waters (portuguese maritime territory, and morocco coast) |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
genre |
North Atlantic Nucella lapillus |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic Nucella lapillus |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6628425/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31146433 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
op_rights |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11060306 |
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Toxins |
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11 |
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306 |
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1766132919802265600 |