Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean
An open-ocean polynya is a large ice-free area surrounded by sea ice. The Maud Rise Polynya in the Southern Ocean occasionally occurs during the austral winter and spring seasons in the vicinity of Maud Rise near the Greenwich Meridian. In the mid-1970s the Maud Rise Polynya served as a precursor to...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6502842 2023-05-15T18:18:30+02:00 Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean Cheon, Woo Geun Gordon, Arnold L. 2019-05-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502842/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061471 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502842/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 2019-05-26T00:14:08Z An open-ocean polynya is a large ice-free area surrounded by sea ice. The Maud Rise Polynya in the Southern Ocean occasionally occurs during the austral winter and spring seasons in the vicinity of Maud Rise near the Greenwich Meridian. In the mid-1970s the Maud Rise Polynya served as a precursor to the more persistent, larger Weddell Polynya associated with intensive open-ocean deep convection. However, the Maud Rise Polynya generally does not lead to a Weddell Polynya, as was the situation in the September to November of 2017 occurrence of a strong Maud Rise Polynya. Using diverse, long-term observation and reanalysis data, we found that a combination of weakly stratified ocean near Maud Rise and a wind induced spin-up of the cyclonic Weddell Gyre played a crucial role in generating the 2017 Maud Rise Polynya. More specifically, the enhanced flow over the southwestern flank of Maud Rise intensified eddy activity, weakening and raising the pycnocline. However, in 2018 the formation of a Weddell Polynya was hindered by relatively low surface salinity associated with the positive Southern Annular Mode, in contrast to the 1970s’ condition of a prolonged, negative Southern Annular Mode that induced a saltier surface layer and weaker pycnocline. Text Sea ice Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Austral Greenwich Maud Rise ENVELOPE(3.000,3.000,-66.000,-66.000) Southern Ocean Weddell Scientific Reports 9 1 |
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Article Cheon, Woo Geun Gordon, Arnold L. Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
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description |
An open-ocean polynya is a large ice-free area surrounded by sea ice. The Maud Rise Polynya in the Southern Ocean occasionally occurs during the austral winter and spring seasons in the vicinity of Maud Rise near the Greenwich Meridian. In the mid-1970s the Maud Rise Polynya served as a precursor to the more persistent, larger Weddell Polynya associated with intensive open-ocean deep convection. However, the Maud Rise Polynya generally does not lead to a Weddell Polynya, as was the situation in the September to November of 2017 occurrence of a strong Maud Rise Polynya. Using diverse, long-term observation and reanalysis data, we found that a combination of weakly stratified ocean near Maud Rise and a wind induced spin-up of the cyclonic Weddell Gyre played a crucial role in generating the 2017 Maud Rise Polynya. More specifically, the enhanced flow over the southwestern flank of Maud Rise intensified eddy activity, weakening and raising the pycnocline. However, in 2018 the formation of a Weddell Polynya was hindered by relatively low surface salinity associated with the positive Southern Annular Mode, in contrast to the 1970s’ condition of a prolonged, negative Southern Annular Mode that induced a saltier surface layer and weaker pycnocline. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cheon, Woo Geun Gordon, Arnold L. |
author_facet |
Cheon, Woo Geun Gordon, Arnold L. |
author_sort |
Cheon, Woo Geun |
title |
Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
title_short |
Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
title_full |
Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
title_fullStr |
Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
title_full_unstemmed |
Open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the Southern Ocean |
title_sort |
open-ocean polynyas and deep convection in the southern ocean |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502842/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061471 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(3.000,3.000,-66.000,-66.000) |
geographic |
Austral Greenwich Maud Rise Southern Ocean Weddell |
geographic_facet |
Austral Greenwich Maud Rise Southern Ocean Weddell |
genre |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6502842/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31061471 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-43466-2 |
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