Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice
Sea ice is a reactive porous medium of ice crystals and liquid brine, which is an example of a mushy layer. The phase behaviour of sea ice controls the evolving material properties and fluid transport through the porous ice, with consequences for ice growth, brine drainage from the ice to provide bu...
Published in: | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6501916 2023-05-15T18:17:19+02:00 Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice Wells, Andrew J. Hitchen, Joseph R. Parkinson, James R. G. 2019-06-03 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501916/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30982459 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 en eng The Royal Society Publishing http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501916/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30982459 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 © 2019 The Author(s) http://royalsocietypublishing.org/licence Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci Articles Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 2020-06-07T00:16:34Z Sea ice is a reactive porous medium of ice crystals and liquid brine, which is an example of a mushy layer. The phase behaviour of sea ice controls the evolving material properties and fluid transport through the porous ice, with consequences for ice growth, brine drainage from the ice to provide buoyancy fluxes for the polar oceans, and sea-ice biogeochemistry. We review work on the growth of mushy layers and convective flows driven by density gradients in the interstitial fluid. After introducing the fundamentals of mushy-layer theory, we discuss the effective thermal properties, including the impact of salt transport on mushy-layer growth. We present a simplified model for diffusively controlled growth of mushy layers with modest cooling versus the solutal freezing-point depression. For growth from a cold isothermal boundary, salt diffusion modifies mushy-layer growth by around 5–20% depending on the far-field temperature and salinity. We also review work on the onset, spatial localization and nonlinear development of convective flows in mushy layers, highlighting recent work on transient solidification and models of nonlinear convection with dissolved solid-free brine channels. Finally, future research opportunities are identified, motivated by geophysical observations of ice growth. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The physics and chemistry of ice: scaffolding across scales, from the viability of life to the formation of planets’. Text Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377 2146 20180165 |
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Articles Wells, Andrew J. Hitchen, Joseph R. Parkinson, James R. G. Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
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Articles |
description |
Sea ice is a reactive porous medium of ice crystals and liquid brine, which is an example of a mushy layer. The phase behaviour of sea ice controls the evolving material properties and fluid transport through the porous ice, with consequences for ice growth, brine drainage from the ice to provide buoyancy fluxes for the polar oceans, and sea-ice biogeochemistry. We review work on the growth of mushy layers and convective flows driven by density gradients in the interstitial fluid. After introducing the fundamentals of mushy-layer theory, we discuss the effective thermal properties, including the impact of salt transport on mushy-layer growth. We present a simplified model for diffusively controlled growth of mushy layers with modest cooling versus the solutal freezing-point depression. For growth from a cold isothermal boundary, salt diffusion modifies mushy-layer growth by around 5–20% depending on the far-field temperature and salinity. We also review work on the onset, spatial localization and nonlinear development of convective flows in mushy layers, highlighting recent work on transient solidification and models of nonlinear convection with dissolved solid-free brine channels. Finally, future research opportunities are identified, motivated by geophysical observations of ice growth. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The physics and chemistry of ice: scaffolding across scales, from the viability of life to the formation of planets’. |
format |
Text |
author |
Wells, Andrew J. Hitchen, Joseph R. Parkinson, James R. G. |
author_facet |
Wells, Andrew J. Hitchen, Joseph R. Parkinson, James R. G. |
author_sort |
Wells, Andrew J. |
title |
Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
title_short |
Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
title_full |
Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
title_fullStr |
Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
title_full_unstemmed |
Mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
title_sort |
mushy-layer growth and convection, with application to sea ice |
publisher |
The Royal Society Publishing |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501916/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30982459 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 |
genre |
Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Sea ice |
op_source |
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501916/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30982459 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 |
op_rights |
© 2019 The Author(s) http://royalsocietypublishing.org/licence Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0165 |
container_title |
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences |
container_volume |
377 |
container_issue |
2146 |
container_start_page |
20180165 |
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1766191461453266944 |