Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids
The extreme and constant cold of the Southern Ocean has led to many unusual features of the Antarctic fauna. One of these, polar gigantism, is thought to have arisen from a combination of cold-driven low metabolic rates and high oxygen availability in the polar oceans (the ‘oxygen–temperature hypoth...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6501676 2023-05-15T13:47:37+02:00 Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids Shishido, Caitlin M. Woods, H. Arthur Lane, Steven J. Toh, Ming Wei A. Tobalske, Bret W. Moran, Amy L. 2019-04-10 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501676/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966982 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 en eng The Royal Society http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501676/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966982 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 © 2019 The Author(s) http://royalsocietypublishing.org/licence Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. Development and Physiology Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 2020-04-12T00:14:46Z The extreme and constant cold of the Southern Ocean has led to many unusual features of the Antarctic fauna. One of these, polar gigantism, is thought to have arisen from a combination of cold-driven low metabolic rates and high oxygen availability in the polar oceans (the ‘oxygen–temperature hypothesis'). If the oxygen–temperature hypothesis indeed underlies polar gigantism, then polar giants may be particularly susceptible to warming temperatures. We tested the effects of temperature on performance using two genera of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Pycnogonida), Colossendeis and Ammothea, across a range of body sizes. We tested performance at four temperatures spanning ambient (−1.8°C) to 9°C. Individuals from both genera were highly sensitive to elevated temperature, but we found no evidence that large-bodied pycnogonids were more affected by elevated temperatures than small individuals; thus, these results do not support the predictions of the oxygen–temperature hypothesis. When we compared two species, Colossendeis megalonyx and Ammothea glacialis, C. megalonyx maintained performance at considerably higher temperatures. Analysis of the cuticle showed that as body size increases, porosity increases as well, especially in C. megalonyx, which may compensate for the increasing metabolic demand and longer diffusion distances of larger animals by facilitating diffusive oxygen supply. Text Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286 1900 20190124 |
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Development and Physiology |
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Development and Physiology Shishido, Caitlin M. Woods, H. Arthur Lane, Steven J. Toh, Ming Wei A. Tobalske, Bret W. Moran, Amy L. Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
topic_facet |
Development and Physiology |
description |
The extreme and constant cold of the Southern Ocean has led to many unusual features of the Antarctic fauna. One of these, polar gigantism, is thought to have arisen from a combination of cold-driven low metabolic rates and high oxygen availability in the polar oceans (the ‘oxygen–temperature hypothesis'). If the oxygen–temperature hypothesis indeed underlies polar gigantism, then polar giants may be particularly susceptible to warming temperatures. We tested the effects of temperature on performance using two genera of giant Antarctic sea spiders (Pycnogonida), Colossendeis and Ammothea, across a range of body sizes. We tested performance at four temperatures spanning ambient (−1.8°C) to 9°C. Individuals from both genera were highly sensitive to elevated temperature, but we found no evidence that large-bodied pycnogonids were more affected by elevated temperatures than small individuals; thus, these results do not support the predictions of the oxygen–temperature hypothesis. When we compared two species, Colossendeis megalonyx and Ammothea glacialis, C. megalonyx maintained performance at considerably higher temperatures. Analysis of the cuticle showed that as body size increases, porosity increases as well, especially in C. megalonyx, which may compensate for the increasing metabolic demand and longer diffusion distances of larger animals by facilitating diffusive oxygen supply. |
format |
Text |
author |
Shishido, Caitlin M. Woods, H. Arthur Lane, Steven J. Toh, Ming Wei A. Tobalske, Bret W. Moran, Amy L. |
author_facet |
Shishido, Caitlin M. Woods, H. Arthur Lane, Steven J. Toh, Ming Wei A. Tobalske, Bret W. Moran, Amy L. |
author_sort |
Shishido, Caitlin M. |
title |
Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
title_short |
Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
title_full |
Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
title_fullStr |
Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
title_full_unstemmed |
Polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in Antarctic pycnogonids |
title_sort |
polar gigantism and the oxygen–temperature hypothesis: a test of upper thermal limits to body size in antarctic pycnogonids |
publisher |
The Royal Society |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501676/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966982 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6501676/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30966982 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 |
op_rights |
© 2019 The Author(s) http://royalsocietypublishing.org/licence Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0124 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
container_volume |
286 |
container_issue |
1900 |
container_start_page |
20190124 |
_version_ |
1766247564669091840 |