The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes
BACKGROUND: The Southern Ocean is the coldest ocean on Earth but a hot spot of evolution. The bottom-dwelling Eocene ancestor of Antarctic notothenioid fishes survived polar marine glaciation and underwent adaptive radiation, forming >120 species that fill all water column niches today. Genome-wi...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6457430 2023-05-15T13:51:43+02:00 The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes Chen, Liangbiao Lu, Ying Li, Wenhao Ren, Yandong Yu, Mengchao Jiang, Shouwen Fu, Yanxia Wang, Jian Peng, Sihua Bilyk, Kevin T Murphy, Katherine R Zhuang, Xuan Hune, Mathias Zhai, Wanying Wang, Wen Xu, Qianghua Cheng, Chi-Hing Christina 2019-01-31 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6457430/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30715292 https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 en eng Oxford University Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6457430/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30715292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY Research Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 2019-04-21T00:30:03Z BACKGROUND: The Southern Ocean is the coldest ocean on Earth but a hot spot of evolution. The bottom-dwelling Eocene ancestor of Antarctic notothenioid fishes survived polar marine glaciation and underwent adaptive radiation, forming >120 species that fill all water column niches today. Genome-wide changes enabling physiological adaptations and the rapid expansion of the Antarctic notothenioids remain poorly understood. RESULTS: We sequenced and compared 2 notothenioid genomes—the cold-adapted and neutrally buoyant Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni and the basal Patagonian robalo Eleginops maclovinus, representing the temperate ancestor. We detected >200 protein gene families that had expanded and thousands of genes that had evolved faster in the toothfish, with diverse cold-relevant functions including stress response, lipid metabolism, protein homeostasis, and freeze resistance. Besides antifreeze glycoprotein, an eggshell protein had functionally diversified to aid in cellular freezing resistance. Genomic and transcriptomic comparisons revealed proliferation of selcys–transfer RNA genes and broad transcriptional upregulation across anti-oxidative selenoproteins, signifying their prominent role in mitigating oxidative stress in the oxygen-rich Southern Ocean. We found expansion of transposable elements, temporally correlated to Antarctic notothenioid diversification. Additionally, the toothfish exhibited remarkable shifts in genetic programs towards enhanced fat cell differentiation and lipid storage, and promotion of chondrogenesis while inhibiting osteogenesis in bone development, collectively contributing to the achievement of neutral buoyancy and pelagicism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a comprehensive landscape of evolutionary changes essential for Antarctic notothenioid cold adaptation and ecological expansion. The 2 genomes are valuable resources for further exploration of mechanisms underlying the spectacular notothenioid radiation in the coldest marine environment. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Toothfish Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic GigaScience 8 4 |
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Research Chen, Liangbiao Lu, Ying Li, Wenhao Ren, Yandong Yu, Mengchao Jiang, Shouwen Fu, Yanxia Wang, Jian Peng, Sihua Bilyk, Kevin T Murphy, Katherine R Zhuang, Xuan Hune, Mathias Zhai, Wanying Wang, Wen Xu, Qianghua Cheng, Chi-Hing Christina The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
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Research |
description |
BACKGROUND: The Southern Ocean is the coldest ocean on Earth but a hot spot of evolution. The bottom-dwelling Eocene ancestor of Antarctic notothenioid fishes survived polar marine glaciation and underwent adaptive radiation, forming >120 species that fill all water column niches today. Genome-wide changes enabling physiological adaptations and the rapid expansion of the Antarctic notothenioids remain poorly understood. RESULTS: We sequenced and compared 2 notothenioid genomes—the cold-adapted and neutrally buoyant Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni and the basal Patagonian robalo Eleginops maclovinus, representing the temperate ancestor. We detected >200 protein gene families that had expanded and thousands of genes that had evolved faster in the toothfish, with diverse cold-relevant functions including stress response, lipid metabolism, protein homeostasis, and freeze resistance. Besides antifreeze glycoprotein, an eggshell protein had functionally diversified to aid in cellular freezing resistance. Genomic and transcriptomic comparisons revealed proliferation of selcys–transfer RNA genes and broad transcriptional upregulation across anti-oxidative selenoproteins, signifying their prominent role in mitigating oxidative stress in the oxygen-rich Southern Ocean. We found expansion of transposable elements, temporally correlated to Antarctic notothenioid diversification. Additionally, the toothfish exhibited remarkable shifts in genetic programs towards enhanced fat cell differentiation and lipid storage, and promotion of chondrogenesis while inhibiting osteogenesis in bone development, collectively contributing to the achievement of neutral buoyancy and pelagicism. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed a comprehensive landscape of evolutionary changes essential for Antarctic notothenioid cold adaptation and ecological expansion. The 2 genomes are valuable resources for further exploration of mechanisms underlying the spectacular notothenioid radiation in the coldest marine environment. |
format |
Text |
author |
Chen, Liangbiao Lu, Ying Li, Wenhao Ren, Yandong Yu, Mengchao Jiang, Shouwen Fu, Yanxia Wang, Jian Peng, Sihua Bilyk, Kevin T Murphy, Katherine R Zhuang, Xuan Hune, Mathias Zhai, Wanying Wang, Wen Xu, Qianghua Cheng, Chi-Hing Christina |
author_facet |
Chen, Liangbiao Lu, Ying Li, Wenhao Ren, Yandong Yu, Mengchao Jiang, Shouwen Fu, Yanxia Wang, Jian Peng, Sihua Bilyk, Kevin T Murphy, Katherine R Zhuang, Xuan Hune, Mathias Zhai, Wanying Wang, Wen Xu, Qianghua Cheng, Chi-Hing Christina |
author_sort |
Chen, Liangbiao |
title |
The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
title_short |
The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
title_full |
The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
title_fullStr |
The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
title_full_unstemmed |
The genomic basis for colonizing the freezing Southern Ocean revealed by Antarctic toothfish and Patagonian robalo genomes |
title_sort |
genomic basis for colonizing the freezing southern ocean revealed by antarctic toothfish and patagonian robalo genomes |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6457430/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30715292 https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Toothfish Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Toothfish Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6457430/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30715292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/gigascience/giz016 |
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