Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the Inuit pop...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6448294 2023-05-15T15:46:22+02:00 Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada Bachand, Nicholas Ravel, André Leighton, Patrick Stephen, Craig Ndao, Momar Avard, Ellen Jenkins, Emily 2019-04-03 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6448294/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944016 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6448294/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. CC0 PDM CC-BY Research Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 2019-04-21T00:23:26Z BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the Inuit population has measurable antibodies against T. gondii. Handling and consumption of wildlife have been identified as risk factors for exposure. Serological evidence of exposure has been reported for wildlife in Nunavik; however, T. gondii has not been detected in wildlife tissues commonly consumed by Inuit. METHODS: We used a magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR protocol to extract and amplify T. gondii DNA from large quantities of tissues (up to 100 g) of 441 individual animals in Nunavik: 166 ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), 156 geese (Branta canadensis and Chen caerulescens), 61 ringed seals (Pusa hispida), 31 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and 27 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). RESULTS: DNA from T. gondii was detected in 9% (95% CI: 3–15%) of geese from four communities in western and southern Nunavik, but DNA was not detected in other wildlife species including 20% (95% CI: 12–31%) of ringed seals and 26% (95% CI: 14–43%) of caribou positive on a commercial modified agglutination test (MAT) using thawed heart muscle juice. In geese, tissue parasite burden was highest in heart, followed by brain, breast muscle, liver and gizzard. Serological results did not correlate well with tissue infection status for any wildlife species. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection, quantification, and characterization of DNA of T. gondii (clonal lineage II in one goose) from wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, which supports the hypothesis that migratory geese can carry T. gondii into Nunavik where feline definitive hosts are rare. This study suggests that direct detection methods may be useful for detection of T. gondii in wildlife harvested for human consumption and provides data needed for ... Text Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Nunavik Parasites & Vectors 12 1 |
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Research Bachand, Nicholas Ravel, André Leighton, Patrick Stephen, Craig Ndao, Momar Avard, Ellen Jenkins, Emily Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
topic_facet |
Research |
description |
BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite, infects mammals and birds worldwide. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, though illnesses can occur in immunocompromised hosts and the fetuses of susceptible women infected during pregnancy. In Nunavik, Canada, 60% of the Inuit population has measurable antibodies against T. gondii. Handling and consumption of wildlife have been identified as risk factors for exposure. Serological evidence of exposure has been reported for wildlife in Nunavik; however, T. gondii has not been detected in wildlife tissues commonly consumed by Inuit. METHODS: We used a magnetic capture DNA extraction and real-time PCR protocol to extract and amplify T. gondii DNA from large quantities of tissues (up to 100 g) of 441 individual animals in Nunavik: 166 ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus), 156 geese (Branta canadensis and Chen caerulescens), 61 ringed seals (Pusa hispida), 31 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and 27 walruses (Odobenus rosmarus). RESULTS: DNA from T. gondii was detected in 9% (95% CI: 3–15%) of geese from four communities in western and southern Nunavik, but DNA was not detected in other wildlife species including 20% (95% CI: 12–31%) of ringed seals and 26% (95% CI: 14–43%) of caribou positive on a commercial modified agglutination test (MAT) using thawed heart muscle juice. In geese, tissue parasite burden was highest in heart, followed by brain, breast muscle, liver and gizzard. Serological results did not correlate well with tissue infection status for any wildlife species. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection, quantification, and characterization of DNA of T. gondii (clonal lineage II in one goose) from wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, which supports the hypothesis that migratory geese can carry T. gondii into Nunavik where feline definitive hosts are rare. This study suggests that direct detection methods may be useful for detection of T. gondii in wildlife harvested for human consumption and provides data needed for ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Bachand, Nicholas Ravel, André Leighton, Patrick Stephen, Craig Ndao, Momar Avard, Ellen Jenkins, Emily |
author_facet |
Bachand, Nicholas Ravel, André Leighton, Patrick Stephen, Craig Ndao, Momar Avard, Ellen Jenkins, Emily |
author_sort |
Bachand, Nicholas |
title |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_short |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_full |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_fullStr |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada |
title_sort |
serological and molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in nunavik, canada |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6448294/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944016 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 |
geographic |
Canada Nunavik |
geographic_facet |
Canada Nunavik |
genre |
Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* |
genre_facet |
Branta canadensis inuit Odobenus rosmarus Pusa hispida Rangifer tarandus Nunavik walrus* |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6448294/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 PDM CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3408-9 |
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