Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18
In North America and Asia, extreme cold weather characterized the winter of 2017–18. At the same time, the Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Atlantic Arctic regions experienced anomalously low sea ice extent in the early winter. The jet stream dividing cold Arctic air from warm air deviated from norm...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6447575 2023-05-15T14:50:24+02:00 Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 Tachibana, Yoshihiro Komatsu, Kensuke K. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Cai, Lei Ando, Yuta 2019-04-03 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447575/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944347 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447575/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 2019-04-14T00:22:07Z In North America and Asia, extreme cold weather characterized the winter of 2017–18. At the same time, the Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Atlantic Arctic regions experienced anomalously low sea ice extent in the early winter. The jet stream dividing cold Arctic air from warm air deviated from normal zonal patterns northward into the ice-free areas north of the Bering Strait. Large southward jet stream pathways formed over Asia and America, allowing cold air to spread into Asia and the southern areas of North America. We hypothesise that the late autumn Bering Strait sea-ice anomaly and Pacific atmospheric rivers were partially responsible for the cold winter. We used data analyses and numerical experiments to test this hypothesis. We propose a positive feedback mechanism between the sea ice anomaly and atmospheric river activity, with anomalous south winds toward the sea ice anomaly potentially leading to more warm water injected by the wind-driven current through the Bering Strait. Our findings suggest that Poleward propagation of the atmospheric rivers made upper air warm, leading to their upgliding, which further heated the overlying air, causing poleward jet meanders. As a part of this response the jet stream meandered southward over Asia and North America, resulting in cold intrusions. We speculate that the positive feedback mechanism observed during the 2017–18 winter could recur in future years when the sea-ice reduction in the Pacific Arctic interacts with enhanced atmospheric river activity. Text Arctic Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific Arctic Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific Scientific Reports 9 1 |
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Article Tachibana, Yoshihiro Komatsu, Kensuke K. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Cai, Lei Ando, Yuta Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
In North America and Asia, extreme cold weather characterized the winter of 2017–18. At the same time, the Pacific, the Bering Sea, and the Atlantic Arctic regions experienced anomalously low sea ice extent in the early winter. The jet stream dividing cold Arctic air from warm air deviated from normal zonal patterns northward into the ice-free areas north of the Bering Strait. Large southward jet stream pathways formed over Asia and America, allowing cold air to spread into Asia and the southern areas of North America. We hypothesise that the late autumn Bering Strait sea-ice anomaly and Pacific atmospheric rivers were partially responsible for the cold winter. We used data analyses and numerical experiments to test this hypothesis. We propose a positive feedback mechanism between the sea ice anomaly and atmospheric river activity, with anomalous south winds toward the sea ice anomaly potentially leading to more warm water injected by the wind-driven current through the Bering Strait. Our findings suggest that Poleward propagation of the atmospheric rivers made upper air warm, leading to their upgliding, which further heated the overlying air, causing poleward jet meanders. As a part of this response the jet stream meandered southward over Asia and North America, resulting in cold intrusions. We speculate that the positive feedback mechanism observed during the 2017–18 winter could recur in future years when the sea-ice reduction in the Pacific Arctic interacts with enhanced atmospheric river activity. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tachibana, Yoshihiro Komatsu, Kensuke K. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Cai, Lei Ando, Yuta |
author_facet |
Tachibana, Yoshihiro Komatsu, Kensuke K. Alexeev, Vladimir A. Cai, Lei Ando, Yuta |
author_sort |
Tachibana, Yoshihiro |
title |
Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
title_short |
Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
title_full |
Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
title_fullStr |
Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Warm hole in Pacific Arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
title_sort |
warm hole in pacific arctic sea ice cover forced mid-latitude northern hemisphere cooling during winter 2017–18 |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447575/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944347 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific Arctic Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Atlantic Arctic Atlantic-Arctic Bering Sea Bering Strait Pacific Arctic Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6447575/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30944347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41682-4 |
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Scientific Reports |
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