Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat
Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenolog...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6405876 2023-05-15T14:39:34+02:00 Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas 2019-03-07 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 2019-03-17T01:19:14Z Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenology, mobility, activity patterns, change in wing condition and nectar sources. The phenology showed no protandry, but a longer flight period of the females. Wing conditions revealed a linear decay being quicker in males than females. The mean flight distances were higher for males than females (143 vs 92 m). In general, males were more flight active, while females invested more time in feeding and resting. The shortness of the flight period in the Arctic is apparently a particular adaptation to these harsh conditions, not even allowing protandry, and constraining all individuals to hatch during a short period. These conditions also forced the individuals to concentrate on flight and alimentation. In general, Arctic and Alpine populations of B. napaea show few differences, but the species seems to be even better adapted to the northern environments. Thus, the short temporal separation of these populations seems not to have been sufficient for a divergent adaptation in the southern mountains. Text Arctic Northern Sweden PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Scientific Reports 9 1 |
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Article Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
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description |
Arctic and alpine environments present extreme, but different, challenges to survival. We therefore studied the ecological adaptation of the arctic-alpine fritillary Boloria napaea in northern Sweden and compared these results with the eastern Alps. Using mark-release-recapture, we analysed phenology, mobility, activity patterns, change in wing condition and nectar sources. The phenology showed no protandry, but a longer flight period of the females. Wing conditions revealed a linear decay being quicker in males than females. The mean flight distances were higher for males than females (143 vs 92 m). In general, males were more flight active, while females invested more time in feeding and resting. The shortness of the flight period in the Arctic is apparently a particular adaptation to these harsh conditions, not even allowing protandry, and constraining all individuals to hatch during a short period. These conditions also forced the individuals to concentrate on flight and alimentation. In general, Arctic and Alpine populations of B. napaea show few differences, but the species seems to be even better adapted to the northern environments. Thus, the short temporal separation of these populations seems not to have been sufficient for a divergent adaptation in the southern mountains. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas |
author_facet |
Ehl, Stefan Holzhauer, Stephanie I. J. Ryrholm, Nils Schmitt, Thomas |
author_sort |
Ehl, Stefan |
title |
Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_short |
Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_full |
Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_fullStr |
Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_full_unstemmed |
Phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species Boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
title_sort |
phenology, mobility and behaviour of the arcto-alpine species boloria napaea in its arctic habitat |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Arctic Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6405876/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30846780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-40508-7 |
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Scientific Reports |
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