Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis
Inflammation triggered by the innate immune system is a strategy to protect organisms from the risk of environmental infection. However, it has recently become clear that inflammation can cause a variety of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of an ethanol ex...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6367532 2023-05-15T13:35:57+02:00 Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis Suh, Sung-Suk Hong, Ju-Mi Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Seung Won Chae, Hyunsik Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Il-Chan Kim, Sanghee 2019-01-01 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6367532/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745798 https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 en eng Ivyspring International Publisher http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6367532/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745798 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 © Ivyspring International Publisher This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. CC-BY-NC CC-BY Research Paper Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 2019-02-17T01:20:01Z Inflammation triggered by the innate immune system is a strategy to protect organisms from the risk of environmental infection. However, it has recently become clear that inflammation can cause a variety of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of the Antarctic freshwater microalgae, Chloromonas reticulata (ETCH), on inflammation and carcinogenesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages and HCT116 human colon cancer cells, respectively. ETCH exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through the dose-dependent modulation of major inflammatory markers such as COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α, and NO production. For example, ETCH reduced LPS-induced upregulation of COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, and TNF- alpha mRNA levels, leading to a significant decrease in the levels of LPS-stimulated NO and IL-6 as well as TNF-alpha products. In contract, ETCH exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells, yielding a profound reduction in the proliferation of the cancer cells. Furthermore, ETCH induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest by transcriptionally regulating of genes involved in G2 / M transition including p21 (CDKN1A), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), and CDK1; CDKN1A mRNA levels were upregulated in response to ETCH, whereas CCNB1 and CDK1 were downregulated. This study reports for the first time anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of, C. reticulata and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the linkage between inflammation and cancer. Text Antarc* Antarctic PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic The Antarctic International Journal of Medical Sciences 16 2 189 197 |
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Research Paper Suh, Sung-Suk Hong, Ju-Mi Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Seung Won Chae, Hyunsik Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Il-Chan Kim, Sanghee Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
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Research Paper |
description |
Inflammation triggered by the innate immune system is a strategy to protect organisms from the risk of environmental infection. However, it has recently become clear that inflammation can cause a variety of human diseases, including cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of the Antarctic freshwater microalgae, Chloromonas reticulata (ETCH), on inflammation and carcinogenesis in RAW 264.7 macrophages and HCT116 human colon cancer cells, respectively. ETCH exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through the dose-dependent modulation of major inflammatory markers such as COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, TNF-α, and NO production. For example, ETCH reduced LPS-induced upregulation of COX-2, IL-6, iNOS, and TNF- alpha mRNA levels, leading to a significant decrease in the levels of LPS-stimulated NO and IL-6 as well as TNF-alpha products. In contract, ETCH exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic activity against HCT116 cells, yielding a profound reduction in the proliferation of the cancer cells. Furthermore, ETCH induced G2 phase cell cycle arrest by transcriptionally regulating of genes involved in G2 / M transition including p21 (CDKN1A), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), and CDK1; CDKN1A mRNA levels were upregulated in response to ETCH, whereas CCNB1 and CDK1 were downregulated. This study reports for the first time anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects of, C. reticulata and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the linkage between inflammation and cancer. |
format |
Text |
author |
Suh, Sung-Suk Hong, Ju-Mi Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Seung Won Chae, Hyunsik Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Il-Chan Kim, Sanghee |
author_facet |
Suh, Sung-Suk Hong, Ju-Mi Kim, Eun Jae Jung, Seung Won Chae, Hyunsik Kim, Jung Eun Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Il-Chan Kim, Sanghee |
author_sort |
Suh, Sung-Suk |
title |
Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
title_short |
Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
title_full |
Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
title_fullStr |
Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Antarctic freshwater microalga, Chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
title_sort |
antarctic freshwater microalga, chloromonas reticulata, suppresses inflammation and carcinogenesis |
publisher |
Ivyspring International Publisher |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6367532/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745798 https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 |
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Antarctic The Antarctic |
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Antarctic The Antarctic |
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Antarc* Antarctic |
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Antarc* Antarctic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6367532/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30745798 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 |
op_rights |
© Ivyspring International Publisher This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.30647 |
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International Journal of Medical Sciences |
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16 |
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2 |
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189 |
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197 |
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1766072579474325504 |