Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms
Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming. A significant component of ice sheet and shelf mass balance is iceberg calving, which can generate large tsunamis endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-tsunamis have reache...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6351686 2023-05-15T16:31:11+02:00 Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms Heller, Valentin Chen, Fan Brühl, Markus Gabl, Roman Chen, Xuexue Wolters, Guido Fuchs, Helge 2019-01-29 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351686/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696837 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351686/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2019 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 2019-02-03T01:42:08Z Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming. A significant component of ice sheet and shelf mass balance is iceberg calving, which can generate large tsunamis endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-tsunamis have reached amplitudes of 50 m and destroyed harbours. Calving icebergs interact with the surrounding water through different mechanisms and we investigate five; A: capsizing, B: gravity-dominated fall, C: buoyancy-dominated fall, D: gravity-dominated overturning and E: buoyancy-dominated overturning. Gravity-dominated icebergs essentially fall into the water body whereas buoyancy-dominated icebergs rise to the water surface. We find with unique large-scale laboratory experiments that iceberg-tsunami heights from gravity-dominated mechanisms (B and D) are roughly an order of magnitude larger than from A, C and E. A theoretical model for released iceberg energy supports this finding and the measured wave periods upscaled to Greenlandic outlet glaciers agree with field observations. Whilst existing empirical equations for landslide-tsunamis establish estimates of an upper envelope of the maximum iceberg-tsunami heights, they fail to capture the physics of most iceberg-tsunami mechanisms. Text greenlandic Ice Sheet PubMed Central (PMC) Scientific Reports 9 1 |
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Article Heller, Valentin Chen, Fan Brühl, Markus Gabl, Roman Chen, Xuexue Wolters, Guido Fuchs, Helge Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
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Mass balance analysis of ice sheets is a key component to understand the effects of global warming. A significant component of ice sheet and shelf mass balance is iceberg calving, which can generate large tsunamis endangering human beings and coastal infrastructure. Such iceberg-tsunamis have reached amplitudes of 50 m and destroyed harbours. Calving icebergs interact with the surrounding water through different mechanisms and we investigate five; A: capsizing, B: gravity-dominated fall, C: buoyancy-dominated fall, D: gravity-dominated overturning and E: buoyancy-dominated overturning. Gravity-dominated icebergs essentially fall into the water body whereas buoyancy-dominated icebergs rise to the water surface. We find with unique large-scale laboratory experiments that iceberg-tsunami heights from gravity-dominated mechanisms (B and D) are roughly an order of magnitude larger than from A, C and E. A theoretical model for released iceberg energy supports this finding and the measured wave periods upscaled to Greenlandic outlet glaciers agree with field observations. Whilst existing empirical equations for landslide-tsunamis establish estimates of an upper envelope of the maximum iceberg-tsunami heights, they fail to capture the physics of most iceberg-tsunami mechanisms. |
format |
Text |
author |
Heller, Valentin Chen, Fan Brühl, Markus Gabl, Roman Chen, Xuexue Wolters, Guido Fuchs, Helge |
author_facet |
Heller, Valentin Chen, Fan Brühl, Markus Gabl, Roman Chen, Xuexue Wolters, Guido Fuchs, Helge |
author_sort |
Heller, Valentin |
title |
Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_short |
Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_full |
Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_fullStr |
Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_full_unstemmed |
Large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
title_sort |
large-scale experiments into the tsunamigenic potential of different iceberg calving mechanisms |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351686/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696837 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 |
genre |
greenlandic Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
greenlandic Ice Sheet |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6351686/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30696837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36634-3 |
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