Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway
The occurrence of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) outbreaks in marine farmed Atlantic salmon constitutes a recurring challenge in Norway. Here, we aim to identify risk factors associated with ISA outbreaks with an unknown source of infection (referred to as primary ISA outbreaks). Primary ISA outbrea...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6292176 2023-05-15T15:32:34+02:00 Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway Lyngstad, Trude Marie Qviller, Lars Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Kristoffersen, Anja B. 2018-12-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292176/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292176/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 Copyright © 2018 Lyngstad, Qviller, Sindre, Brun and Kristoffersen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Veterinary Science Text 2018 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 2018-12-23T01:25:50Z The occurrence of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) outbreaks in marine farmed Atlantic salmon constitutes a recurring challenge in Norway. Here, we aim to identify risk factors associated with ISA outbreaks with an unknown source of infection (referred to as primary ISA outbreaks). Primary ISA outbreaks are here defined by an earlier published transmission model. We explored a wide range of possible risk factors with logistic regression analysis, trying to explain occurrence of primary ISA with available data from all Norwegian farm sites from 2004 to June 2017. Explanatory variables included site latitude and a range of production and disease data. The mean annual risk of having a primary outbreak of ISA in Norway was 0.7% during this study period. We identified the occurrence of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), having a stocking period longer than 2 months, having the site located at high latitude and high fish density (biomass per cage volume) in the first six months after transfer to sea site as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). We have identified factors related to management routines, other disease problems, and latitude that may help to understand the hitherto unidentified drivers behind the emergence of primary ISA outbreaks. Based on our findings, we also provide management advice that may reduce the incidence of primary ISA outbreaks. Text Atlantic salmon PubMed Central (PMC) Norway Frontiers in Veterinary Science 5 |
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Veterinary Science Lyngstad, Trude Marie Qviller, Lars Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Kristoffersen, Anja B. Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
topic_facet |
Veterinary Science |
description |
The occurrence of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) outbreaks in marine farmed Atlantic salmon constitutes a recurring challenge in Norway. Here, we aim to identify risk factors associated with ISA outbreaks with an unknown source of infection (referred to as primary ISA outbreaks). Primary ISA outbreaks are here defined by an earlier published transmission model. We explored a wide range of possible risk factors with logistic regression analysis, trying to explain occurrence of primary ISA with available data from all Norwegian farm sites from 2004 to June 2017. Explanatory variables included site latitude and a range of production and disease data. The mean annual risk of having a primary outbreak of ISA in Norway was 0.7% during this study period. We identified the occurrence of infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN), having a stocking period longer than 2 months, having the site located at high latitude and high fish density (biomass per cage volume) in the first six months after transfer to sea site as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). We have identified factors related to management routines, other disease problems, and latitude that may help to understand the hitherto unidentified drivers behind the emergence of primary ISA outbreaks. Based on our findings, we also provide management advice that may reduce the incidence of primary ISA outbreaks. |
format |
Text |
author |
Lyngstad, Trude Marie Qviller, Lars Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Kristoffersen, Anja B. |
author_facet |
Lyngstad, Trude Marie Qviller, Lars Sindre, Hilde Brun, Edgar Kristoffersen, Anja B. |
author_sort |
Lyngstad, Trude Marie |
title |
Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
title_short |
Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
title_full |
Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
title_fullStr |
Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
title_full_unstemmed |
Risk Factors Associated With Outbreaks of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA) With Unknown Source of Infection in Norway |
title_sort |
risk factors associated with outbreaks of infectious salmon anemia (isa) with unknown source of infection in norway |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292176/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6292176/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2018 Lyngstad, Qviller, Sindre, Brun and Kristoffersen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00308 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
container_volume |
5 |
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