Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings
Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and...
Published in: | Nature Communications |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113262/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154404 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6113262 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6113262 2023-05-15T15:03:10+02:00 Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. 2018-08-28 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113262/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154404 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 en eng Nature Publishing Group UK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113262/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. CC-BY Article Text 2018 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 2018-09-02T00:56:52Z Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. Text Arctic PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Nature Communications 9 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Article |
spellingShingle |
Article Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
Recently, a rapid increase in radiocarbon (14C) was observed in Japanese tree rings at AD 774/775. Various explanations for the anomaly have been offered, such as a supernova, a γ-ray burst, a cometary impact, or an exceptionally large Solar Particle Event (SPE). However, evidence of the origin and exact timing of the event remains incomplete. In particular, a key issue of latitudinal dependence of the 14C intensity has not been addressed yet. Here, we show that the event was most likely caused by the Sun and occurred during the spring of AD 774. Particularly, the event intensities from various locations show a strong correlation with the latitude, demonstrating a particle-induced 14C poleward increase, in accord with the solar origin of the event. Furthermore, both annual 14C data and carbon cycle modelling, and separate earlywood and latewood 14C measurements, confine the photosynthetic carbon fixation to around the midsummer. |
format |
Text |
author |
Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. |
author_facet |
Uusitalo, J. Arppe, L. Hackman, T. Helama, S. Kovaltsov, G. Mielikäinen, K. Mäkinen, H. Nöjd, P. Palonen, V. Usoskin, I. Oinonen, M. |
author_sort |
Uusitalo, J. |
title |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_short |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_fullStr |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_full_unstemmed |
Solar superstorm of AD 774 recorded subannually by Arctic tree rings |
title_sort |
solar superstorm of ad 774 recorded subannually by arctic tree rings |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group UK |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113262/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154404 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6113262/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30154404 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05883-1 |
container_title |
Nature Communications |
container_volume |
9 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766335064246845440 |