In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship
Puppy packs (consisting of only puppies) and mixed-age packs (composed of puppies and adults) were observed to test whether social play can be used for assessing and establishing social relations in wolves, Canis lupus. Differently from previous studies, we looked at play behaviours in detail, allow...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6058079 2023-05-15T15:51:03+02:00 In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship Cafazzo, Simona Marshall-Pescini, Sarah Essler, Jennifer L. Virányi, Zsófia Kotrschal, Kurt Range, Friederike 2018-07 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058079/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 en eng Academic Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058079/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 © 2018 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Article Text 2018 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 2018-07-29T00:31:47Z Puppy packs (consisting of only puppies) and mixed-age packs (composed of puppies and adults) were observed to test whether social play can be used for assessing and establishing social relations in wolves, Canis lupus. Differently from previous studies, we looked at play behaviours in detail, allowing us to categorize play interactions as either competitive or relaxed, and predicted that different types of play would be associated with different relationships between individuals. We found that the more time dyads spent in relaxed play, the more affiliative interactions they exchanged outside of play. In the mixed-age packs, dyads that spent more time in both relaxed and competitive play showed fewer exchanges of aggressive behaviours. Conversely, in puppy packs, the more time dyads spent in competitive play, the more aggressive interactions were exchanged outside of play. Since clear dominance relationships emerged in the mixed-age packs, but not in puppy packs, we suggest that play can help to reduce the frequency of aggressive interactions only when a clear hierarchy exists between pack members. Furthermore, we found that in both puppy and mixed-age packs, dominance relationships were reflected and rarely reversed during play. Finally, dyads with a less clear dominance relationship spent more time playing in a competitive way. Overall, our results support the social assessment hypothesis suggesting that social relationships outside of play are reflected during playful interactions. Moreover, we revealed how different types of play, that is, playing in a competitive or relaxed way, may be related to different social relationships. This distinction between play types has not been acknowledged before but could help researchers better understand the functions of play in different species. Text Canis lupus PubMed Central (PMC) Animal Behaviour 141 137 150 |
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Article Cafazzo, Simona Marshall-Pescini, Sarah Essler, Jennifer L. Virányi, Zsófia Kotrschal, Kurt Range, Friederike In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
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Article |
description |
Puppy packs (consisting of only puppies) and mixed-age packs (composed of puppies and adults) were observed to test whether social play can be used for assessing and establishing social relations in wolves, Canis lupus. Differently from previous studies, we looked at play behaviours in detail, allowing us to categorize play interactions as either competitive or relaxed, and predicted that different types of play would be associated with different relationships between individuals. We found that the more time dyads spent in relaxed play, the more affiliative interactions they exchanged outside of play. In the mixed-age packs, dyads that spent more time in both relaxed and competitive play showed fewer exchanges of aggressive behaviours. Conversely, in puppy packs, the more time dyads spent in competitive play, the more aggressive interactions were exchanged outside of play. Since clear dominance relationships emerged in the mixed-age packs, but not in puppy packs, we suggest that play can help to reduce the frequency of aggressive interactions only when a clear hierarchy exists between pack members. Furthermore, we found that in both puppy and mixed-age packs, dominance relationships were reflected and rarely reversed during play. Finally, dyads with a less clear dominance relationship spent more time playing in a competitive way. Overall, our results support the social assessment hypothesis suggesting that social relationships outside of play are reflected during playful interactions. Moreover, we revealed how different types of play, that is, playing in a competitive or relaxed way, may be related to different social relationships. This distinction between play types has not been acknowledged before but could help researchers better understand the functions of play in different species. |
format |
Text |
author |
Cafazzo, Simona Marshall-Pescini, Sarah Essler, Jennifer L. Virányi, Zsófia Kotrschal, Kurt Range, Friederike |
author_facet |
Cafazzo, Simona Marshall-Pescini, Sarah Essler, Jennifer L. Virányi, Zsófia Kotrschal, Kurt Range, Friederike |
author_sort |
Cafazzo, Simona |
title |
In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
title_short |
In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
title_full |
In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
title_fullStr |
In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
title_full_unstemmed |
In wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
title_sort |
in wolves, play behaviour reflects the partners' affiliative and dominance relationship |
publisher |
Academic Press |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058079/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 |
genre |
Canis lupus |
genre_facet |
Canis lupus |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058079/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 |
op_rights |
© 2018 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.04.017 |
container_title |
Animal Behaviour |
container_volume |
141 |
container_start_page |
137 |
op_container_end_page |
150 |
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1766386113487831040 |