Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas
Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Australia ho...
Published in: | Veterinary Research |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
BioMed Central
2018
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891919/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636093 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5891919 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5891919 2023-05-15T15:58:15+02:00 Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas Whittington, Richard J. Paul-Pont, Ika Evans, Olivia Hick, Paul Dhand, Navneet K. 2018-04-10 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891919/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636093 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891919/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636093 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. CC0 PDM CC-BY Research Article Text 2018 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 2018-04-22T01:23:19Z Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Australia however, there is no information on their origin or mode of transmission. These factors need to be understood because they influence the way the disease may be prevented and controlled. Mortality data obtained from experimental populations of C. gigas during natural epizootics of OsHV-1 disease in Australia were analysed qualitatively. In addition we compared actual mortality data with those from a Reed–Frost model of direct transmission and analysed incubation periods using Sartwell’s method to test for the type of epizootic, point source or propagating. We concluded that outbreaks were initiated from an unknown environmental source which is unlikely to be farmed oysters in the same estuary. While direct oyster-to-oyster transmission may occur in larger oysters if they are in close proximity (< 40 cm), it did not explain the observed epizootics, point source exposure and indirect transmission being more common and important. A conceptual model is proposed for OsHV-1 index case source and transmission, leading to endemicity with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The findings suggest that prevention and control of OsHV-1 in C. gigas will require multiple interventions. OsHV-1 in C. gigas, which is a sedentary animal once beyond the larval stage, is an informative model when considering marine host-herpesvirus relationships. Text Crassostrea gigas PubMed Central (PMC) New Zealand Pacific Veterinary Research 49 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Whittington, Richard J. Paul-Pont, Ika Evans, Olivia Hick, Paul Dhand, Navneet K. Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Marine herpesviruses are responsible for epizootics in economically, ecologically and culturally significant taxa. The recent emergence of microvariants of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas has resulted in socioeconomic losses in Europe, New Zealand and Australia however, there is no information on their origin or mode of transmission. These factors need to be understood because they influence the way the disease may be prevented and controlled. Mortality data obtained from experimental populations of C. gigas during natural epizootics of OsHV-1 disease in Australia were analysed qualitatively. In addition we compared actual mortality data with those from a Reed–Frost model of direct transmission and analysed incubation periods using Sartwell’s method to test for the type of epizootic, point source or propagating. We concluded that outbreaks were initiated from an unknown environmental source which is unlikely to be farmed oysters in the same estuary. While direct oyster-to-oyster transmission may occur in larger oysters if they are in close proximity (< 40 cm), it did not explain the observed epizootics, point source exposure and indirect transmission being more common and important. A conceptual model is proposed for OsHV-1 index case source and transmission, leading to endemicity with recurrent seasonal outbreaks. The findings suggest that prevention and control of OsHV-1 in C. gigas will require multiple interventions. OsHV-1 in C. gigas, which is a sedentary animal once beyond the larval stage, is an informative model when considering marine host-herpesvirus relationships. |
format |
Text |
author |
Whittington, Richard J. Paul-Pont, Ika Evans, Olivia Hick, Paul Dhand, Navneet K. |
author_facet |
Whittington, Richard J. Paul-Pont, Ika Evans, Olivia Hick, Paul Dhand, Navneet K. |
author_sort |
Whittington, Richard J. |
title |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_short |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_full |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_fullStr |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus OsHV-1 in Crassostrea gigas |
title_sort |
counting the dead to determine the source and transmission of the marine herpesvirus oshv-1 in crassostrea gigas |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891919/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636093 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 |
geographic |
New Zealand Pacific |
geographic_facet |
New Zealand Pacific |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5891919/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636093 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 PDM CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0529-7 |
container_title |
Veterinary Research |
container_volume |
49 |
container_issue |
1 |
_version_ |
1766393980489039872 |