Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems
Mammalian herbivores have important top‐down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free‐ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low‐in...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5574761 2023-05-15T15:15:50+02:00 Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems Heggenes, Jan Odland, Arvid Chevalier, Tomas Ahlberg, Jörgen Berg, Amanda Larsson, Håkan Bjerketvedt, Dag K. 2017-07-10 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574761/ https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574761/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 © 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY Original Research Text 2017 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 2017-09-03T00:30:46Z Mammalian herbivores have important top‐down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free‐ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low‐intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified. The cold‐adapted northern tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a wide‐ranging keystone herbivore in large open alpine and Arctic ecosystems. Reindeer may largely subsist on different species of slow‐growing ground lichens, particularly in winter. Lichen grows in dry, snow‐poor habitats with frost. Their varying elasticity makes them suitable for studying trampling. In replicated factorial experiments, high‐resolution 3D laser scanning was used to quantify lichen volume loss from trampling by a reindeer hoof. Losses were substantial, that is, about 0.3 dm3 per imprint in dry thick lichen, but depended on type of lichen mat and humidity. Immediate trampling volume loss was about twice as high in dry, compared to humid thin (2–3 cm), lichen mats and about three times as high in dry vs. humid thick (6–8 cm) lichen mats, There was no significant difference in volume loss between 100% and 50% wetted lichen. Regained volume with time was insignificant for dry lichen, whereas 50% humid lichen regained substantial volumes, and 100% humid lichen regained almost all lost volume, and mostly within 10–20 min. Reindeer trampling may have from near none to devastating effects on exposed lichen forage. During a normal week of foraging, daily moving 5 km across dry 6‐ to 8‐cm‐thick continuous lichen mats, one adult reindeer may trample a lichen volume corresponding to about a year's supply of lichen. However, the lichen humidity appears to be an important factor for trampling loss, in addition to the extent of reindeer movement. Text Arctic Rangifer tarandus Tundra PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Ecology and Evolution 7 16 6423 6431 |
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Original Research |
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Original Research Heggenes, Jan Odland, Arvid Chevalier, Tomas Ahlberg, Jörgen Berg, Amanda Larsson, Håkan Bjerketvedt, Dag K. Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
topic_facet |
Original Research |
description |
Mammalian herbivores have important top‐down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free‐ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low‐intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified. The cold‐adapted northern tundra reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) is a wide‐ranging keystone herbivore in large open alpine and Arctic ecosystems. Reindeer may largely subsist on different species of slow‐growing ground lichens, particularly in winter. Lichen grows in dry, snow‐poor habitats with frost. Their varying elasticity makes them suitable for studying trampling. In replicated factorial experiments, high‐resolution 3D laser scanning was used to quantify lichen volume loss from trampling by a reindeer hoof. Losses were substantial, that is, about 0.3 dm3 per imprint in dry thick lichen, but depended on type of lichen mat and humidity. Immediate trampling volume loss was about twice as high in dry, compared to humid thin (2–3 cm), lichen mats and about three times as high in dry vs. humid thick (6–8 cm) lichen mats, There was no significant difference in volume loss between 100% and 50% wetted lichen. Regained volume with time was insignificant for dry lichen, whereas 50% humid lichen regained substantial volumes, and 100% humid lichen regained almost all lost volume, and mostly within 10–20 min. Reindeer trampling may have from near none to devastating effects on exposed lichen forage. During a normal week of foraging, daily moving 5 km across dry 6‐ to 8‐cm‐thick continuous lichen mats, one adult reindeer may trample a lichen volume corresponding to about a year's supply of lichen. However, the lichen humidity appears to be an important factor for trampling loss, in addition to the extent of reindeer movement. |
format |
Text |
author |
Heggenes, Jan Odland, Arvid Chevalier, Tomas Ahlberg, Jörgen Berg, Amanda Larsson, Håkan Bjerketvedt, Dag K. |
author_facet |
Heggenes, Jan Odland, Arvid Chevalier, Tomas Ahlberg, Jörgen Berg, Amanda Larsson, Håkan Bjerketvedt, Dag K. |
author_sort |
Heggenes, Jan |
title |
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
title_short |
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
title_full |
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
title_fullStr |
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
title_full_unstemmed |
Herbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
title_sort |
herbivore grazing—or trampling? trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574761/ https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
genre_facet |
Arctic Rangifer tarandus Tundra |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5574761/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 |
op_rights |
© 2017 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3130 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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7 |
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16 |
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6423 |
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6431 |
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1766346177276542976 |