Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer
During the Austral summer 2009 we studied three areas surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula: the Bellingshausen Sea, the Bransfield Strait and the Weddell Sea. We aimed to investigate, whether viruses or protists were the main agents inducing prokaryotic mortality rates, and the sensitivity to tempera...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5332362 2023-05-15T13:39:22+02:00 Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc Agustí, Susana Arrieta, Jesús M. Lara, Elena Castillo, Yaiza M. Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria M. 2017-03-02 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332362/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332362/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 Copyright © 2017 Vaqué, Boras, Torrent-Llagostera, Agustí, Arrieta, Lara, Castillo, Duarte and Sala. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Microbiology Text 2017 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 2017-03-19T01:07:45Z During the Austral summer 2009 we studied three areas surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula: the Bellingshausen Sea, the Bransfield Strait and the Weddell Sea. We aimed to investigate, whether viruses or protists were the main agents inducing prokaryotic mortality rates, and the sensitivity to temperature of prokaryotic heterotrophic production and mortality based on the activation energy (Ea) for each process. Seawater samples were taken at seven depths (0.1–100 m) to quantify viruses, prokaryotes and protists abundances, and heterotrophic prokaryotic production (PHP). Viral lytic production, lysogeny, and mortality rates of prokaryotes due to viruses and protists were estimated at surface (0.1–1 m) and at the Deep Fluorescence Maximum (DFM, 12–55 m) at eight representative stations of the three areas. The average viral lytic production ranged from 1.0 ± 0.3 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea to1.3 ± 0.7 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1 in the Bransfield Strait, while lysogeny, when detectable, recorded the lowest value in the Bellingshausen Sea (0.05 ± 0.05 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1) and the highest in the Weddell Sea (4.3 ± 3.5 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1). Average mortality rates due to viruses ranged from 9.7 ± 6.1 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Weddell Sea to 14.3 ± 4.0 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea, and were higher than averaged grazing rates in the Weddell Sea (5.9 ± 1.1 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1) and in the Bellingshausen Sea (6.8 ± 0.9 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1). The highest impact on prokaryotes by viruses and main differences between viral and protists activities were observed in surface samples: 17.8 ± 6.8 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 6.5 ± 3.9 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Weddell Sea; 22.1 ± 9.6 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 11.6 ± 1.4 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bransfield Strait; and 16.1 ± 5.7 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 7.9 ± 2.6 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of lysed cells and PHP showed higher sensitivity to temperature than grazing rates by protists. We ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait Weddell Sea PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea Frontiers in Microbiology 8 |
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Microbiology Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc Agustí, Susana Arrieta, Jesús M. Lara, Elena Castillo, Yaiza M. Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria M. Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
topic_facet |
Microbiology |
description |
During the Austral summer 2009 we studied three areas surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula: the Bellingshausen Sea, the Bransfield Strait and the Weddell Sea. We aimed to investigate, whether viruses or protists were the main agents inducing prokaryotic mortality rates, and the sensitivity to temperature of prokaryotic heterotrophic production and mortality based on the activation energy (Ea) for each process. Seawater samples were taken at seven depths (0.1–100 m) to quantify viruses, prokaryotes and protists abundances, and heterotrophic prokaryotic production (PHP). Viral lytic production, lysogeny, and mortality rates of prokaryotes due to viruses and protists were estimated at surface (0.1–1 m) and at the Deep Fluorescence Maximum (DFM, 12–55 m) at eight representative stations of the three areas. The average viral lytic production ranged from 1.0 ± 0.3 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea to1.3 ± 0.7 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1 in the Bransfield Strait, while lysogeny, when detectable, recorded the lowest value in the Bellingshausen Sea (0.05 ± 0.05 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1) and the highest in the Weddell Sea (4.3 ± 3.5 × 107 viruses ml−1 d−1). Average mortality rates due to viruses ranged from 9.7 ± 6.1 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Weddell Sea to 14.3 ± 4.0 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea, and were higher than averaged grazing rates in the Weddell Sea (5.9 ± 1.1 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1) and in the Bellingshausen Sea (6.8 ± 0.9 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1). The highest impact on prokaryotes by viruses and main differences between viral and protists activities were observed in surface samples: 17.8 ± 6.8 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 6.5 ± 3.9 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Weddell Sea; 22.1 ± 9.6 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 11.6 ± 1.4 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bransfield Strait; and 16.1 ± 5.7 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 and 7.9 ± 2.6 × 104 cells ml−1 d−1 in the Bellingshausen Sea, respectively. Furthermore, the rate of lysed cells and PHP showed higher sensitivity to temperature than grazing rates by protists. We ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc Agustí, Susana Arrieta, Jesús M. Lara, Elena Castillo, Yaiza M. Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria M. |
author_facet |
Vaqué, Dolors Boras, Julia A. Torrent-Llagostera, Francesc Agustí, Susana Arrieta, Jesús M. Lara, Elena Castillo, Yaiza M. Duarte, Carlos M. Sala, Maria M. |
author_sort |
Vaqué, Dolors |
title |
Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
title_short |
Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
title_full |
Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
title_fullStr |
Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viruses and Protists Induced-mortality of Prokaryotes around the Antarctic Peninsula during the Austral Summer |
title_sort |
viruses and protists induced-mortality of prokaryotes around the antarctic peninsula during the austral summer |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332362/ https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Austral Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Bellingshausen Sea Bransfield Strait Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332362/ http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2017 Vaqué, Boras, Torrent-Llagostera, Agustí, Arrieta, Lara, Castillo, Duarte and Sala. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00241 |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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8 |
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1766117792121094144 |