The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound
This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5319310 2023-05-15T13:52:44+02:00 The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound Menze, Sebastian Zitterbart, Daniel P. van Opzeeland, Ilse Boebel, Olaf 2017-01-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319310/ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 en eng The Royal Society Publishing http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319310/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 © 2017 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Earth Science Text 2017 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 2017-03-12T01:03:58Z This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly affected by the annual variation of the sea-ice cover, which decouples local wind speed and sound levels during austral winter. With increasing sea-ice concentration, area and thickness, sound levels decreased while the contribution of distant sources increased. Marine mammal sounds formed a substantial part of the overall acoustic environment, comprising calls produced by Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). The combined sound energy of a group or population vocalizing during extended periods contributed species-specific peaks to the ambient sound spectra. The temporal and spatial variation in the contribution of marine mammals to ambient sound suggests annual patterns in migration and behaviour. The Antarctic blue and fin whale contributions were loudest in austral autumn, whereas the Antarctic minke whale contribution was loudest during austral winter and repeatedly showed a diel pattern that coincided with the diel vertical migration of zooplankton. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) Southern Ocean The Antarctic Royal Society Open Science 4 1 160370 |
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Open Polar |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Earth Science |
spellingShingle |
Earth Science Menze, Sebastian Zitterbart, Daniel P. van Opzeeland, Ilse Boebel, Olaf The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
topic_facet |
Earth Science |
description |
This paper describes the natural variability of ambient sound in the Southern Ocean, an acoustically pristine marine mammal habitat. Over a 3-year period, two autonomous recorders were moored along the Greenwich meridian to collect underwater passive acoustic data. Ambient sound levels were strongly affected by the annual variation of the sea-ice cover, which decouples local wind speed and sound levels during austral winter. With increasing sea-ice concentration, area and thickness, sound levels decreased while the contribution of distant sources increased. Marine mammal sounds formed a substantial part of the overall acoustic environment, comprising calls produced by Antarctic blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) and leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx). The combined sound energy of a group or population vocalizing during extended periods contributed species-specific peaks to the ambient sound spectra. The temporal and spatial variation in the contribution of marine mammals to ambient sound suggests annual patterns in migration and behaviour. The Antarctic blue and fin whale contributions were loudest in austral autumn, whereas the Antarctic minke whale contribution was loudest during austral winter and repeatedly showed a diel pattern that coincided with the diel vertical migration of zooplankton. |
format |
Text |
author |
Menze, Sebastian Zitterbart, Daniel P. van Opzeeland, Ilse Boebel, Olaf |
author_facet |
Menze, Sebastian Zitterbart, Daniel P. van Opzeeland, Ilse Boebel, Olaf |
author_sort |
Menze, Sebastian |
title |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_short |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_full |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_fullStr |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_full_unstemmed |
The influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on Southern Ocean ambient sound |
title_sort |
influence of sea ice, wind speed and marine mammals on southern ocean ambient sound |
publisher |
The Royal Society Publishing |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319310/ https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-61.626,-61.626,-64.145,-64.145) |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Greenwich Hydrurga Southern Ocean The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale Hydrurga leptonyx Leopard Seals minke whale Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319310/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 |
op_rights |
© 2017 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160370 |
container_title |
Royal Society Open Science |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
160370 |
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1766257205061877760 |