Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments
Viruses are a primary influence on microbial mortality in the global ocean. The impacts of viruses on their microbial hosts in low-energy environments are poorly explored and are the focus of this study. To investigate the role of viruses in mediating mortality in low-energy environments where conta...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5253365 2023-05-15T15:00:51+02:00 Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse Wing, Boswell A. Raymond-Bouchard, Isabelle Whyte, Lyle G. 2017-01-23 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253365/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167930 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253365/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 Copyright © 2017 Colangelo-Lillis, Wing, Raymond-Bouchard and Whyte. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Microbiology Text 2017 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 2017-02-12T01:01:36Z Viruses are a primary influence on microbial mortality in the global ocean. The impacts of viruses on their microbial hosts in low-energy environments are poorly explored and are the focus of this study. To investigate the role of viruses in mediating mortality in low-energy environments where contacts between viruses and microbes are infrequent, we conducted a set of in situ time series incubations in the outlet and channel sediments of two cold, hypersaline springs of the Canadian High Arctic. We found microbial and viral populations in dynamic equilibrium, indicating approximately equal birth and death rates for each population. In situ rates of microbial growth were low (0.5–50 × 103 cells cm-3 h-1) as were rates of viral decay (0.09–170 × 104 virions cm-3 h-1). A large fraction of the springs’ viral communities (49–100%) were refractory to decay over the timescales of our experiments. Microcosms amended with lactate or acetate exhibited increased microbial growth rates (up to three-fold) indicating organic carbon as one limiting resource for the microbial communities in these environments. A substantial fraction (15–71%) of the microbial populations contained inducible proviruses that were released- occasionally in multiple pulses- over the eight monitored days following chemical induction. Our findings indicate that viruses in low-energy systems maintain low rates of production and activity, have a small but notable impact on microbial mortality (8–29% attenuation of growth) and that successful viral replication may primarily proceed by non-lethal strategies. In cold, low biomass marine systems of similar character (e.g., subsurface sediments), viruses may be a relatively minor driver of community mortality compared to less energy-limited environments such as the marine water column or surface sediments. Text Arctic PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Frontiers in Microbiology 7 |
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English |
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Microbiology |
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Microbiology Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse Wing, Boswell A. Raymond-Bouchard, Isabelle Whyte, Lyle G. Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
topic_facet |
Microbiology |
description |
Viruses are a primary influence on microbial mortality in the global ocean. The impacts of viruses on their microbial hosts in low-energy environments are poorly explored and are the focus of this study. To investigate the role of viruses in mediating mortality in low-energy environments where contacts between viruses and microbes are infrequent, we conducted a set of in situ time series incubations in the outlet and channel sediments of two cold, hypersaline springs of the Canadian High Arctic. We found microbial and viral populations in dynamic equilibrium, indicating approximately equal birth and death rates for each population. In situ rates of microbial growth were low (0.5–50 × 103 cells cm-3 h-1) as were rates of viral decay (0.09–170 × 104 virions cm-3 h-1). A large fraction of the springs’ viral communities (49–100%) were refractory to decay over the timescales of our experiments. Microcosms amended with lactate or acetate exhibited increased microbial growth rates (up to three-fold) indicating organic carbon as one limiting resource for the microbial communities in these environments. A substantial fraction (15–71%) of the microbial populations contained inducible proviruses that were released- occasionally in multiple pulses- over the eight monitored days following chemical induction. Our findings indicate that viruses in low-energy systems maintain low rates of production and activity, have a small but notable impact on microbial mortality (8–29% attenuation of growth) and that successful viral replication may primarily proceed by non-lethal strategies. In cold, low biomass marine systems of similar character (e.g., subsurface sediments), viruses may be a relatively minor driver of community mortality compared to less energy-limited environments such as the marine water column or surface sediments. |
format |
Text |
author |
Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse Wing, Boswell A. Raymond-Bouchard, Isabelle Whyte, Lyle G. |
author_facet |
Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse Wing, Boswell A. Raymond-Bouchard, Isabelle Whyte, Lyle G. |
author_sort |
Colangelo-Lillis, Jesse |
title |
Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
title_short |
Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
title_full |
Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
title_fullStr |
Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
title_full_unstemmed |
Viral Induced Microbial Mortality in Arctic Hypersaline Spring Sediments |
title_sort |
viral induced microbial mortality in arctic hypersaline spring sediments |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253365/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167930 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253365/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28167930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2017 Colangelo-Lillis, Wing, Raymond-Bouchard and Whyte. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02158 |
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Frontiers in Microbiology |
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7 |
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1766332907514757120 |