Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales
Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and dura...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5213775 2023-05-15T17:34:38+02:00 Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales van der Hoop, Julie Corkeron, Peter Moore, Michael 2016-12-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5213775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070278 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 en eng John Wiley and Sons Inc. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5213775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 © 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. CC-BY Original Research Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 2017-01-15T01:05:13Z Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and duration of life‐history events such as migration and pregnancy in large whales. We present two complementary bioenergetic approaches to estimate the energy associated with entanglement in North Atlantic right whales, and compare these estimates to the natural energetic life history of individual whales. Differences in measured blubber thicknesses and estimated blubber volumes between normal and entangled, emaciated whales indicate between 7.4 × 1010 J and 1.2 × 1011 J of energy are consumed during the course to death of a lethal entanglement. Increased thrust power requirements to overcome drag forces suggest that when entangled, whales require 3.95 × 109 to 4.08 × 1010 J more energy to swim. Individuals who died from their entanglements performed significantly more work (energy expenditure × time) than those that survived; entanglement duration is therefore critical in determining whales’ survival. Significant sublethal energetic impacts also occur, especially in reproductive females. Drag from fishing gear contributes up to 8% of the 4‐year female reproductive energy budget, delaying time of energetic equilibrium (to restore energy lost by a particular entanglement) for reproduction by months to years. In certain populations, chronic entanglement in fishing gear can be viewed as a costly unnatural life‐history stage, rather than a rare or short‐term incident. Text North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) Ecology and Evolution 7 1 92 106 |
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Original Research van der Hoop, Julie Corkeron, Peter Moore, Michael Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
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Original Research |
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Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an unnatural but relatively common circumstance that imposes energetic demands of a similar order of magnitude and duration of life‐history events such as migration and pregnancy in large whales. We present two complementary bioenergetic approaches to estimate the energy associated with entanglement in North Atlantic right whales, and compare these estimates to the natural energetic life history of individual whales. Differences in measured blubber thicknesses and estimated blubber volumes between normal and entangled, emaciated whales indicate between 7.4 × 1010 J and 1.2 × 1011 J of energy are consumed during the course to death of a lethal entanglement. Increased thrust power requirements to overcome drag forces suggest that when entangled, whales require 3.95 × 109 to 4.08 × 1010 J more energy to swim. Individuals who died from their entanglements performed significantly more work (energy expenditure × time) than those that survived; entanglement duration is therefore critical in determining whales’ survival. Significant sublethal energetic impacts also occur, especially in reproductive females. Drag from fishing gear contributes up to 8% of the 4‐year female reproductive energy budget, delaying time of energetic equilibrium (to restore energy lost by a particular entanglement) for reproduction by months to years. In certain populations, chronic entanglement in fishing gear can be viewed as a costly unnatural life‐history stage, rather than a rare or short‐term incident. |
format |
Text |
author |
van der Hoop, Julie Corkeron, Peter Moore, Michael |
author_facet |
van der Hoop, Julie Corkeron, Peter Moore, Michael |
author_sort |
van der Hoop, Julie |
title |
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
title_short |
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
title_full |
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
title_fullStr |
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
title_sort |
entanglement is a costly life‐history stage in large whales |
publisher |
John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5213775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070278 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5213775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28070278 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 |
op_rights |
© 2016 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2615 |
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Ecology and Evolution |
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7 |
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92 |
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106 |
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