Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies
Polyploidy and symbiotic Epichloë fungal endophytes are common and heritable characteristics that can facilitate environmental range expansion in grasses. Here we examined geographic patterns of polyploidy and the frequency of fungal endophyte colonized plants in 29 Festuca rubra L. populations from...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5112939 2023-05-15T16:10:58+02:00 Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies Dirihan, Serdar Helander, Marjo Väre, Henry Gundel, Pedro E. Garibaldi, Lucas A. Irisarri, J. Gonzalo N. Saloniemi, Irma Saikkonen, Kari 2016-11-15 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112939/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846291 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112939/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 © 2016 Dirihan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 2016-12-11T01:00:51Z Polyploidy and symbiotic Epichloë fungal endophytes are common and heritable characteristics that can facilitate environmental range expansion in grasses. Here we examined geographic patterns of polyploidy and the frequency of fungal endophyte colonized plants in 29 Festuca rubra L. populations from eight geographic sites across latitudes from Spain to northernmost Finland and Greenland. Ploidy seemed to be positively and negatively correlated with latitude and productivity, respectively. However, the correlations were nonlinear; 84% of the plants were hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42), and the positive correlation between ploidy level and latitude is the result of only four populations skewing the data. In the southernmost end of the gradient 86% of the plants were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28), whereas in the northernmost end of the gradient one population had only octoploid plants (2n = 8x = 56). Endophytes were detected in 22 out of the 29 populations. Endophyte frequencies varied among geographic sites, and populations and habitats within geographic sites irrespective of ploidy, latitude or productivity. The highest overall endophyte frequencies were found in the southernmost end of the gradient, Spain, where 69% of plants harbored endophytes. In northern Finland, endophytes were detected in 30% of grasses but endophyte frequencies varied among populations from 0% to 75%, being higher in meadows compared to riverbanks. The endophytes were detected in 36%, 30% and 27% of the plants in Faroe Islands, Iceland and Switzerland, respectively. Practically all examined plants collected from southern Finland and Greenland were endophyte-free, whereas in other geographic sites endophyte frequencies were highly variable among populations. Common to all populations with high endophyte frequencies is heavy vertebrate grazing. We propose that the detected endophyte frequencies and ploidy levels mirror past distribution history of F. rubra after the last glaciation period, and local adaptations to past or prevailing selection forces ... Text Faroe Islands Greenland Iceland Northern Finland PubMed Central (PMC) Faroe Islands Greenland PLOS ONE 11 11 e0166264 |
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Research Article Dirihan, Serdar Helander, Marjo Väre, Henry Gundel, Pedro E. Garibaldi, Lucas A. Irisarri, J. Gonzalo N. Saloniemi, Irma Saikkonen, Kari Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
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Research Article |
description |
Polyploidy and symbiotic Epichloë fungal endophytes are common and heritable characteristics that can facilitate environmental range expansion in grasses. Here we examined geographic patterns of polyploidy and the frequency of fungal endophyte colonized plants in 29 Festuca rubra L. populations from eight geographic sites across latitudes from Spain to northernmost Finland and Greenland. Ploidy seemed to be positively and negatively correlated with latitude and productivity, respectively. However, the correlations were nonlinear; 84% of the plants were hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42), and the positive correlation between ploidy level and latitude is the result of only four populations skewing the data. In the southernmost end of the gradient 86% of the plants were tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28), whereas in the northernmost end of the gradient one population had only octoploid plants (2n = 8x = 56). Endophytes were detected in 22 out of the 29 populations. Endophyte frequencies varied among geographic sites, and populations and habitats within geographic sites irrespective of ploidy, latitude or productivity. The highest overall endophyte frequencies were found in the southernmost end of the gradient, Spain, where 69% of plants harbored endophytes. In northern Finland, endophytes were detected in 30% of grasses but endophyte frequencies varied among populations from 0% to 75%, being higher in meadows compared to riverbanks. The endophytes were detected in 36%, 30% and 27% of the plants in Faroe Islands, Iceland and Switzerland, respectively. Practically all examined plants collected from southern Finland and Greenland were endophyte-free, whereas in other geographic sites endophyte frequencies were highly variable among populations. Common to all populations with high endophyte frequencies is heavy vertebrate grazing. We propose that the detected endophyte frequencies and ploidy levels mirror past distribution history of F. rubra after the last glaciation period, and local adaptations to past or prevailing selection forces ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Dirihan, Serdar Helander, Marjo Väre, Henry Gundel, Pedro E. Garibaldi, Lucas A. Irisarri, J. Gonzalo N. Saloniemi, Irma Saikkonen, Kari |
author_facet |
Dirihan, Serdar Helander, Marjo Väre, Henry Gundel, Pedro E. Garibaldi, Lucas A. Irisarri, J. Gonzalo N. Saloniemi, Irma Saikkonen, Kari |
author_sort |
Dirihan, Serdar |
title |
Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
title_short |
Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
title_full |
Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
title_fullStr |
Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
title_full_unstemmed |
Geographic Variation in Festuca rubra L. Ploidy Levels and Systemic Fungal Endophyte Frequencies |
title_sort |
geographic variation in festuca rubra l. ploidy levels and systemic fungal endophyte frequencies |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112939/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846291 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 |
geographic |
Faroe Islands Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Faroe Islands Greenland |
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Faroe Islands Greenland Iceland Northern Finland |
genre_facet |
Faroe Islands Greenland Iceland Northern Finland |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112939/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27846291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 |
op_rights |
© 2016 Dirihan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166264 |
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PLOS ONE |
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11 |
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11 |
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e0166264 |
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