Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3
Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) causes pancreas disease (PD) and adversely affects salmonid aquaculture in Europe. A better understanding of disease transmission is currently needed in order to manage PD outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate the relationship between viral dose and the outcome of SAV3...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5069985 2023-05-15T15:31:53+02:00 Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Moore, Lindsey J. Mæhle, Stig Skår, Cecilie Einen, Ann Cathrine Fiksdal, Ingrid Uglenes Morton, Hugh Craig Stefansson, Sigurd O. Taranger, Geir Lasse Patel, Sonal 2016-10-19 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069985/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27760562 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 en eng BioMed Central http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069985/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27760562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. CC0 PDM CC-BY Research Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 2016-10-30T00:13:25Z Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) causes pancreas disease (PD) and adversely affects salmonid aquaculture in Europe. A better understanding of disease transmission is currently needed in order to manage PD outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate the relationship between viral dose and the outcome of SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon post-smolts using a bath challenge model. Fish were challenged at 12 °C with 3 different SAV3 doses; 139, 27 and 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater. A dose of as little as 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater was able to induce SAV3 infection in the challenged population with a substantial level of variation between replicate tanks and, therefore, likely represents a dose close to the minimum dose required to establish an infection in a population. These data also confirm the highly infectious nature of SAV through horizontal transmission. The outcome of SAV3 infection, evaluated by the prevalence of viraemic fish, SAV3-positive hearts, and the virus shedding rate, was positively correlated to the original SAV3 dose. A maximal shedding rate of 2.4 × 104 TCID50 L−1 of seawater h−1 kg−1 was recorded 10 days post-exposure (dpe) from the highest dose group. The method reported here, for the quantification of infectious SAV3 in seawater, could be useful to monitor PD status or obtain data from SAV3 outbreaks at field locations. This information could be incorporated into pathogen dispersal models to improve risk assessment and to better understand how SAV3 spreads between farms during outbreaks. This information may also provide new insights into the control and mitigation of PD. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) Sav’ ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) Veterinary Research 47 1 |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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English |
topic |
Research Article |
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Research Article Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Moore, Lindsey J. Mæhle, Stig Skår, Cecilie Einen, Ann Cathrine Fiksdal, Ingrid Uglenes Morton, Hugh Craig Stefansson, Sigurd O. Taranger, Geir Lasse Patel, Sonal Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3) causes pancreas disease (PD) and adversely affects salmonid aquaculture in Europe. A better understanding of disease transmission is currently needed in order to manage PD outbreaks. Here, we demonstrate the relationship between viral dose and the outcome of SAV3 infection in Atlantic salmon post-smolts using a bath challenge model. Fish were challenged at 12 °C with 3 different SAV3 doses; 139, 27 and 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater. A dose of as little as 7 TCID50 L−1 of seawater was able to induce SAV3 infection in the challenged population with a substantial level of variation between replicate tanks and, therefore, likely represents a dose close to the minimum dose required to establish an infection in a population. These data also confirm the highly infectious nature of SAV through horizontal transmission. The outcome of SAV3 infection, evaluated by the prevalence of viraemic fish, SAV3-positive hearts, and the virus shedding rate, was positively correlated to the original SAV3 dose. A maximal shedding rate of 2.4 × 104 TCID50 L−1 of seawater h−1 kg−1 was recorded 10 days post-exposure (dpe) from the highest dose group. The method reported here, for the quantification of infectious SAV3 in seawater, could be useful to monitor PD status or obtain data from SAV3 outbreaks at field locations. This information could be incorporated into pathogen dispersal models to improve risk assessment and to better understand how SAV3 spreads between farms during outbreaks. This information may also provide new insights into the control and mitigation of PD. |
format |
Text |
author |
Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Moore, Lindsey J. Mæhle, Stig Skår, Cecilie Einen, Ann Cathrine Fiksdal, Ingrid Uglenes Morton, Hugh Craig Stefansson, Sigurd O. Taranger, Geir Lasse Patel, Sonal |
author_facet |
Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn Moore, Lindsey J. Mæhle, Stig Skår, Cecilie Einen, Ann Cathrine Fiksdal, Ingrid Uglenes Morton, Hugh Craig Stefansson, Sigurd O. Taranger, Geir Lasse Patel, Sonal |
author_sort |
Jarungsriapisit, Jiraporn |
title |
Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
title_short |
Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
title_full |
Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
title_fullStr |
Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
title_sort |
relationship between viral dose and outcome of infection in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., post-smolts bath-challenged with salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 |
publisher |
BioMed Central |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069985/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27760562 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(156.400,156.400,68.817,68.817) |
geographic |
Sav’ |
geographic_facet |
Sav’ |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5069985/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27760562 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 |
op_rights |
© The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC0 PDM CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-016-0385-2 |
container_title |
Veterinary Research |
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47 |
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1 |
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1766362383907815424 |