The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era
Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of vol...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5056521 2023-05-15T16:39:11+02:00 The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Michel, Agnès Kartadinata, Nugraha Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck 2016-10-10 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056521/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721477 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 en eng Nature Publishing Group http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056521/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 2016-10-23T00:09:57Z Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of volcanic sulphate aerosols. Here we use an independent geochemical approach which demonstrates that the great 1257 eruption of Samalas (Lombok, Indonesia) released enough sulphur and halogen gases into the stratosphere to produce the reported global cooling during the second half of the 13th century, as well as potential substantial ozone destruction. Major, trace and volatile element compositions of eruptive products recording the magmatic differentiation processes leading to the 1257 eruption indicate that Mt Samalas released 158 ± 12 Tg of sulphur dioxide, 227 ± 18 Tg of chlorine and a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.3 Tg of bromine. These emissions stand as the greatest volcanogenic gas injection of the Common Era. Our findings not only provide robust constraints for the modelling of the combined impact of sulphur and halogens on stratosphere chemistry of the largest eruption of the last millennium, but also develop a methodology to better quantify the degassing budgets of explosive eruptions of all magnitudes. Text ice core PubMed Central (PMC) Scientific Reports 6 1 |
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Article Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Michel, Agnès Kartadinata, Nugraha Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
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Large explosive eruptions inject volcanic gases and fine ash to stratospheric altitudes, contributing to global cooling at the Earth’s surface and occasionally to ozone depletion. The modelling of the climate response to these strong injections of volatiles commonly relies on ice-core records of volcanic sulphate aerosols. Here we use an independent geochemical approach which demonstrates that the great 1257 eruption of Samalas (Lombok, Indonesia) released enough sulphur and halogen gases into the stratosphere to produce the reported global cooling during the second half of the 13th century, as well as potential substantial ozone destruction. Major, trace and volatile element compositions of eruptive products recording the magmatic differentiation processes leading to the 1257 eruption indicate that Mt Samalas released 158 ± 12 Tg of sulphur dioxide, 227 ± 18 Tg of chlorine and a maximum of 1.3 ± 0.3 Tg of bromine. These emissions stand as the greatest volcanogenic gas injection of the Common Era. Our findings not only provide robust constraints for the modelling of the combined impact of sulphur and halogens on stratosphere chemistry of the largest eruption of the last millennium, but also develop a methodology to better quantify the degassing budgets of explosive eruptions of all magnitudes. |
format |
Text |
author |
Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Michel, Agnès Kartadinata, Nugraha Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck |
author_facet |
Vidal, Céline M. Métrich, Nicole Komorowski, Jean-Christophe Pratomo, Indyo Michel, Agnès Kartadinata, Nugraha Robert, Vincent Lavigne, Franck |
author_sort |
Vidal, Céline M. |
title |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_short |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_full |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_fullStr |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_full_unstemmed |
The 1257 Samalas eruption (Lombok, Indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the Common Era |
title_sort |
1257 samalas eruption (lombok, indonesia): the single greatest stratospheric gas release of the common era |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056521/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721477 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
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ice core |
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ice core |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056521/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27721477 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34868 |
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Scientific Reports |
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