The Global Diversity of Hemichordata
Phylum Hemichordata, composed of worm-like Enteropneusta and colonial Pterobranchia, has been reported to only contain about 100 species. However, recent studies of hemichordate phylogeny and taxonomy suggest the species number has been largely underestimated. One issue is that species must be descr...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5049775 2023-05-15T13:54:58+02:00 The Global Diversity of Hemichordata Tassia, Michael G. Cannon, Johanna T. Konikoff, Charlotte E. Shenkar, Noa Halanych, Kenneth M. Swalla, Billie J. 2016-10-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5049775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701429 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5049775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 © 2016 Tassia et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Collection Review Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 2016-10-30T00:03:53Z Phylum Hemichordata, composed of worm-like Enteropneusta and colonial Pterobranchia, has been reported to only contain about 100 species. However, recent studies of hemichordate phylogeny and taxonomy suggest the species number has been largely underestimated. One issue is that species must be described by experts, and historically few taxonomists have studied this group of marine invertebrates. Despite this previous lack of coverage, interest in hemichordates has piqued in the past couple of decades, as they are critical to understanding the evolution of chordates–as acorn worms likely resemble the deuterostome ancestor more closely than any other extant animal. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of hemichordates, focusing specifically on their global biodiversity, geographic distribution, and taxonomy. Using information available in the World Register of Marine Species and published literature, we assembled a list of 130 described, extant species. The majority (83%) of these species are enteropneusts, and more taxonomic descriptions are forthcoming. Ptychoderidae contained the greatest number of species (41 species), closely followed by Harrimaniidae (40 species), of the recognized hemichordate families. Hemichordates are found throughout the world’s oceans, with the highest reported numbers by regions with marine labs and diligent taxonomic efforts (e.g. North Pacific and North Atlantic). Pterobranchs are abundant in Antarctica, but have also been found at lower latitudes. We consider this a baseline report and expect new species of Hemichordata will continue to be discovered and described as new marine habitats are characterized and explored. Text Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) Pacific PLOS ONE 11 10 e0162564 |
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Collection Review Tassia, Michael G. Cannon, Johanna T. Konikoff, Charlotte E. Shenkar, Noa Halanych, Kenneth M. Swalla, Billie J. The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
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Collection Review |
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Phylum Hemichordata, composed of worm-like Enteropneusta and colonial Pterobranchia, has been reported to only contain about 100 species. However, recent studies of hemichordate phylogeny and taxonomy suggest the species number has been largely underestimated. One issue is that species must be described by experts, and historically few taxonomists have studied this group of marine invertebrates. Despite this previous lack of coverage, interest in hemichordates has piqued in the past couple of decades, as they are critical to understanding the evolution of chordates–as acorn worms likely resemble the deuterostome ancestor more closely than any other extant animal. This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of hemichordates, focusing specifically on their global biodiversity, geographic distribution, and taxonomy. Using information available in the World Register of Marine Species and published literature, we assembled a list of 130 described, extant species. The majority (83%) of these species are enteropneusts, and more taxonomic descriptions are forthcoming. Ptychoderidae contained the greatest number of species (41 species), closely followed by Harrimaniidae (40 species), of the recognized hemichordate families. Hemichordates are found throughout the world’s oceans, with the highest reported numbers by regions with marine labs and diligent taxonomic efforts (e.g. North Pacific and North Atlantic). Pterobranchs are abundant in Antarctica, but have also been found at lower latitudes. We consider this a baseline report and expect new species of Hemichordata will continue to be discovered and described as new marine habitats are characterized and explored. |
format |
Text |
author |
Tassia, Michael G. Cannon, Johanna T. Konikoff, Charlotte E. Shenkar, Noa Halanych, Kenneth M. Swalla, Billie J. |
author_facet |
Tassia, Michael G. Cannon, Johanna T. Konikoff, Charlotte E. Shenkar, Noa Halanych, Kenneth M. Swalla, Billie J. |
author_sort |
Tassia, Michael G. |
title |
The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
title_short |
The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
title_full |
The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
title_fullStr |
The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Global Diversity of Hemichordata |
title_sort |
global diversity of hemichordata |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5049775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701429 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 |
geographic |
Pacific |
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Pacific |
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Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic |
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Antarc* Antarctica North Atlantic |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5049775/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27701429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 |
op_rights |
© 2016 Tassia et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564 |
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PLOS ONE |
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