Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution
Most theories on viral evolution are speculative and lack fossil comparison. Here, we isolated a modern Pithovirus-like virus from sewage samples. This giant virus, named Pithovirus massiliensis, was compared with its prehistoric counterpart, Pithovirus sibericum, found in Siberian permafrost. Our a...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5010891 2023-05-15T17:57:46+02:00 Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution Levasseur, Anthony Andreani, Julien Delerce, Jeremy Bou Khalil, Jacques Robert, Catherine La Scola, Bernard Raoult, Didier 2016-07-07 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010891/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389688 https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 en eng Oxford University Press http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010891/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com CC-BY-NC Research Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 2016-09-11T00:13:01Z Most theories on viral evolution are speculative and lack fossil comparison. Here, we isolated a modern Pithovirus-like virus from sewage samples. This giant virus, named Pithovirus massiliensis, was compared with its prehistoric counterpart, Pithovirus sibericum, found in Siberian permafrost. Our analysis revealed near-complete gene repertoire conservation, including horizontal gene transfer and ORFans. Furthermore, all orthologous genes evolved under strong purifying selection with a non-synonymous and synonymous ratio in the same range as the ratio found in the prokaryotic world. The comparison between fossil and modern Pithovirus species provided an estimation of the cadence of the molecular clock, reaching up to 3 × 10−6 mutations/site/year. In addition, the strict conservation of HGTs and ORFans in P. massiliensis revealed the stable genetic mosaicism in giant viruses and excludes the concept of a bag of genes. The genetic stability for 30,000 years of P. massiliensis demonstrates that giant viruses evolve similarly to prokaryotes by classical mechanisms of evolution, including selection and fixation of genes, followed by selective constraints. Text permafrost PubMed Central (PMC) Genome Biology and Evolution 8 8 2333 2339 |
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Research Article Levasseur, Anthony Andreani, Julien Delerce, Jeremy Bou Khalil, Jacques Robert, Catherine La Scola, Bernard Raoult, Didier Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
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Research Article |
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Most theories on viral evolution are speculative and lack fossil comparison. Here, we isolated a modern Pithovirus-like virus from sewage samples. This giant virus, named Pithovirus massiliensis, was compared with its prehistoric counterpart, Pithovirus sibericum, found in Siberian permafrost. Our analysis revealed near-complete gene repertoire conservation, including horizontal gene transfer and ORFans. Furthermore, all orthologous genes evolved under strong purifying selection with a non-synonymous and synonymous ratio in the same range as the ratio found in the prokaryotic world. The comparison between fossil and modern Pithovirus species provided an estimation of the cadence of the molecular clock, reaching up to 3 × 10−6 mutations/site/year. In addition, the strict conservation of HGTs and ORFans in P. massiliensis revealed the stable genetic mosaicism in giant viruses and excludes the concept of a bag of genes. The genetic stability for 30,000 years of P. massiliensis demonstrates that giant viruses evolve similarly to prokaryotes by classical mechanisms of evolution, including selection and fixation of genes, followed by selective constraints. |
format |
Text |
author |
Levasseur, Anthony Andreani, Julien Delerce, Jeremy Bou Khalil, Jacques Robert, Catherine La Scola, Bernard Raoult, Didier |
author_facet |
Levasseur, Anthony Andreani, Julien Delerce, Jeremy Bou Khalil, Jacques Robert, Catherine La Scola, Bernard Raoult, Didier |
author_sort |
Levasseur, Anthony |
title |
Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
title_short |
Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
title_full |
Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of a Modern and Fossil Pithovirus Reveals Its Genetic Conservation and Evolution |
title_sort |
comparison of a modern and fossil pithovirus reveals its genetic conservation and evolution |
publisher |
Oxford University Press |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010891/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389688 https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 |
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permafrost |
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permafrost |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010891/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27389688 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 |
op_rights |
© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com |
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CC-BY-NC |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw153 |
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Genome Biology and Evolution |
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