The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia)
Although several studies are devoted to determining the diversity of Antarctic heterobranch sea slugs, new species are still being discovered. Among nudibranchs, Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907 is the single species of this genus described from Antarctica hitherto, the type locality being the Ross Sea....
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4943632 2023-05-15T13:38:11+02:00 The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) Moles, Juan Wägele, Heike Ballesteros, Manuel Pujals, Álvaro Uhl, Gabriele Avila, Conxita 2016-07-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943632/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411060 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943632/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 © 2016 Moles et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 2016-08-07T00:16:27Z Although several studies are devoted to determining the diversity of Antarctic heterobranch sea slugs, new species are still being discovered. Among nudibranchs, Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907 is the single species of this genus described from Antarctica hitherto, the type locality being the Ross Sea. Doto antarctica was described mainly using external features. During our Antarctic research on marine benthic invertebrates, we found D. antarctica in the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island, suggesting a circumpolar distribution. Species affiliation is herein supported by molecular analyses using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone H3 markers. We redescribe D. antarctica using histology, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and 3D-reconstruction of the internal organs. Moreover, we describe a new, sympatric species, namely D. carinova Moles, Avila & Wägele n. sp., and provide an anatomical comparison between the two Antarctic Doto species. Egg masses in both species are also described here for the first time. We demonstrate that micro-CT is a useful tool for non-destructive anatomical description of valuable specimens. Furthermore, our high resolution micro-CT data reveal that the central nervous system of both Doto species possesses numerous accessory giant cells, suggested to be neurons herein. In addition, the phylogenetic tree of all Doto species sequenced to date suggests a scenario for the evolution of the reproductive system in this genus: bursa copulatrix seems to have been reduced and the acquisition of a distal connection of the oviduct to the nidamental glands is a synapomorphy of the Antarctic Doto species. Overall, the combination of thorough morphological and anatomical description and molecular analyses provides a comprehensive means to characterize and delineate species, thus suggesting evolutionary scenarios. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Bouvet Island Ross Sea Weddell Sea PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Bouvet ENVELOPE(3.358,3.358,-54.422,-54.422) Bouvet Island ENVELOPE(3.358,3.358,-54.422,-54.422) Ross Sea The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea PLOS ONE 11 7 e0157941 |
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English |
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Research Article Moles, Juan Wägele, Heike Ballesteros, Manuel Pujals, Álvaro Uhl, Gabriele Avila, Conxita The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Although several studies are devoted to determining the diversity of Antarctic heterobranch sea slugs, new species are still being discovered. Among nudibranchs, Doto antarctica Eliot, 1907 is the single species of this genus described from Antarctica hitherto, the type locality being the Ross Sea. Doto antarctica was described mainly using external features. During our Antarctic research on marine benthic invertebrates, we found D. antarctica in the Weddell Sea and Bouvet Island, suggesting a circumpolar distribution. Species affiliation is herein supported by molecular analyses using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 16S rRNA, and histone H3 markers. We redescribe D. antarctica using histology, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and 3D-reconstruction of the internal organs. Moreover, we describe a new, sympatric species, namely D. carinova Moles, Avila & Wägele n. sp., and provide an anatomical comparison between the two Antarctic Doto species. Egg masses in both species are also described here for the first time. We demonstrate that micro-CT is a useful tool for non-destructive anatomical description of valuable specimens. Furthermore, our high resolution micro-CT data reveal that the central nervous system of both Doto species possesses numerous accessory giant cells, suggested to be neurons herein. In addition, the phylogenetic tree of all Doto species sequenced to date suggests a scenario for the evolution of the reproductive system in this genus: bursa copulatrix seems to have been reduced and the acquisition of a distal connection of the oviduct to the nidamental glands is a synapomorphy of the Antarctic Doto species. Overall, the combination of thorough morphological and anatomical description and molecular analyses provides a comprehensive means to characterize and delineate species, thus suggesting evolutionary scenarios. |
format |
Text |
author |
Moles, Juan Wägele, Heike Ballesteros, Manuel Pujals, Álvaro Uhl, Gabriele Avila, Conxita |
author_facet |
Moles, Juan Wägele, Heike Ballesteros, Manuel Pujals, Álvaro Uhl, Gabriele Avila, Conxita |
author_sort |
Moles, Juan |
title |
The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
title_short |
The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
title_full |
The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
title_fullStr |
The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
title_full_unstemmed |
The End of the Cold Loneliness: 3D Comparison between Doto antarctica and a New Sympatric Species of Doto (Heterobranchia: Nudibranchia) |
title_sort |
end of the cold loneliness: 3d comparison between doto antarctica and a new sympatric species of doto (heterobranchia: nudibranchia) |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943632/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411060 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(3.358,3.358,-54.422,-54.422) ENVELOPE(3.358,3.358,-54.422,-54.422) |
geographic |
Antarctic Bouvet Bouvet Island Ross Sea The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Bouvet Bouvet Island Ross Sea The Antarctic Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Bouvet Island Ross Sea Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctica Bouvet Island Ross Sea Weddell Sea |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943632/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27411060 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 |
op_rights |
© 2016 Moles et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157941 |
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PLOS ONE |
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11 |
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7 |
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e0157941 |
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