Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land
Human-wildlife conflicts impose considerable costs to people and wildlife worldwide. Most research focuses on proximate causes, offering limited generalizable understanding of ultimate drivers. We tested three competing hypotheses (problem individuals, regional population saturation, limited food su...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4869031 2023-05-15T18:42:07+02:00 Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land Artelle, Kyle A. Anderson, Sean C. Reynolds, John D. Cooper, Andrew B. Paquet, Paul C. Darimont, Chris T. 2016-05-17 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869031/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185189 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 en eng Nature Publishing Group http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869031/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185189 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Article Text 2016 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 2016-06-05T00:28:37Z Human-wildlife conflicts impose considerable costs to people and wildlife worldwide. Most research focuses on proximate causes, offering limited generalizable understanding of ultimate drivers. We tested three competing hypotheses (problem individuals, regional population saturation, limited food supply) that relate to underlying processes of human-grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) conflict, using data from British Columbia, Canada, between 1960–2014. We found most support for the limited food supply hypothesis: in bear populations that feed on spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), the annual number of bears/km2 killed due to conflicts with humans increased by an average of 20% (6–32% [95% CI]) for each 50% decrease in annual salmon biomass. Furthermore, we found that across all bear populations (with or without access to salmon), 81% of attacks on humans and 82% of conflict kills occurred after the approximate onset of hyperphagia (July 1st), a period of intense caloric demand. Contrary to practices by many management agencies, conflict frequency was not reduced by hunting or removal of problem individuals. Our finding that a marine resource affects terrestrial conflict suggests that evidence-based policy for reducing harm to wildlife and humans requires not only insight into ultimate drivers of conflict, but also management that spans ecosystem and jurisdictional boundaries. Text Ursus arctos PubMed Central (PMC) British Columbia ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) Canada Scientific Reports 6 1 |
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Article Artelle, Kyle A. Anderson, Sean C. Reynolds, John D. Cooper, Andrew B. Paquet, Paul C. Darimont, Chris T. Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
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Article |
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Human-wildlife conflicts impose considerable costs to people and wildlife worldwide. Most research focuses on proximate causes, offering limited generalizable understanding of ultimate drivers. We tested three competing hypotheses (problem individuals, regional population saturation, limited food supply) that relate to underlying processes of human-grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) conflict, using data from British Columbia, Canada, between 1960–2014. We found most support for the limited food supply hypothesis: in bear populations that feed on spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), the annual number of bears/km2 killed due to conflicts with humans increased by an average of 20% (6–32% [95% CI]) for each 50% decrease in annual salmon biomass. Furthermore, we found that across all bear populations (with or without access to salmon), 81% of attacks on humans and 82% of conflict kills occurred after the approximate onset of hyperphagia (July 1st), a period of intense caloric demand. Contrary to practices by many management agencies, conflict frequency was not reduced by hunting or removal of problem individuals. Our finding that a marine resource affects terrestrial conflict suggests that evidence-based policy for reducing harm to wildlife and humans requires not only insight into ultimate drivers of conflict, but also management that spans ecosystem and jurisdictional boundaries. |
format |
Text |
author |
Artelle, Kyle A. Anderson, Sean C. Reynolds, John D. Cooper, Andrew B. Paquet, Paul C. Darimont, Chris T. |
author_facet |
Artelle, Kyle A. Anderson, Sean C. Reynolds, John D. Cooper, Andrew B. Paquet, Paul C. Darimont, Chris T. |
author_sort |
Artelle, Kyle A. |
title |
Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
title_short |
Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
title_full |
Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
title_fullStr |
Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
title_sort |
ecology of conflict: marine food supply affects human-wildlife interactions on land |
publisher |
Nature Publishing Group |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869031/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185189 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 |
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ENVELOPE(-125.003,-125.003,54.000,54.000) |
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British Columbia Canada |
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British Columbia Canada |
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Ursus arctos |
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Ursus arctos |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4869031/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185189 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25936 |
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Scientific Reports |
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6 |
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