Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease
Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 μvar) and bacterial populations...
Published in: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491618/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217318 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4491618 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4491618 2023-05-15T15:58:12+02:00 Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease Petton, Bruno Bruto, Maxime James, Adèle Labreuche, Yannick Alunno-Bruscia, Marianne Le Roux, Frédérique 2015-07-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491618/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217318 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491618/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 Copyright © 2015 Petton, Bruto, James, Labreuche, Alunno-Bruscia and Le Roux. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. CC-BY Microbiology Text 2015 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 2015-08-02T00:03:08Z Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 μvar) and bacterial populations of the genus Vibrio. Although the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 μvar, as well as several strains of Vibrio has been demonstrated by experimental infections, our understanding of the complexity of infections occurring in the natural environment remains limited. In the present study, we use specific-pathogen-free (SPF) oysters infected in an estuarine environment to study the diversity and dynamics of cultured microbial populations during disease expression. We observe that rapid Vibrio colonization followed by viral replication precedes oyster death. No correlation was found between the vibrio concentration and viral load in co-infected animals. We show that the quantity of viral DNA is a predictor of mortality, however, in the absence of bacteria, a high load of herpes virus is not sufficient to induce the full expression of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that juvenile mortalities can occur in the absence of herpes virus, indicating that the herpes virus appears neither essential nor sufficient to cause juvenile deaths; whereas bacteria are necessary for the disease. Finally, we demonstrate that oysters are a reservoir of putative pathogens, and that the geographic origin, age, and cultivation method of oysters influence disease expression. Text Crassostrea gigas PubMed Central (PMC) Frontiers in Microbiology 6 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Microbiology |
spellingShingle |
Microbiology Petton, Bruno Bruto, Maxime James, Adèle Labreuche, Yannick Alunno-Bruscia, Marianne Le Roux, Frédérique Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
topic_facet |
Microbiology |
description |
Successive disease outbreaks in oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds in France have resulted in dramatic losses in production, and subsequent decline in the oyster-farming industry. Deaths of juvenile oysters have been associated with the presence of a herpes virus (OsHV-1 μvar) and bacterial populations of the genus Vibrio. Although the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 μvar, as well as several strains of Vibrio has been demonstrated by experimental infections, our understanding of the complexity of infections occurring in the natural environment remains limited. In the present study, we use specific-pathogen-free (SPF) oysters infected in an estuarine environment to study the diversity and dynamics of cultured microbial populations during disease expression. We observe that rapid Vibrio colonization followed by viral replication precedes oyster death. No correlation was found between the vibrio concentration and viral load in co-infected animals. We show that the quantity of viral DNA is a predictor of mortality, however, in the absence of bacteria, a high load of herpes virus is not sufficient to induce the full expression of the disease. In addition, we demonstrate that juvenile mortalities can occur in the absence of herpes virus, indicating that the herpes virus appears neither essential nor sufficient to cause juvenile deaths; whereas bacteria are necessary for the disease. Finally, we demonstrate that oysters are a reservoir of putative pathogens, and that the geographic origin, age, and cultivation method of oysters influence disease expression. |
format |
Text |
author |
Petton, Bruno Bruto, Maxime James, Adèle Labreuche, Yannick Alunno-Bruscia, Marianne Le Roux, Frédérique |
author_facet |
Petton, Bruno Bruto, Maxime James, Adèle Labreuche, Yannick Alunno-Bruscia, Marianne Le Roux, Frédérique |
author_sort |
Petton, Bruno |
title |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_short |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_full |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_fullStr |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_full_unstemmed |
Crassostrea gigas mortality in France: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
title_sort |
crassostrea gigas mortality in france: the usual suspect, a herpes virus, may not be the killer in this polymicrobial opportunistic disease |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491618/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217318 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 |
genre |
Crassostrea gigas |
genre_facet |
Crassostrea gigas |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4491618/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26217318 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2015 Petton, Bruto, James, Labreuche, Alunno-Bruscia and Le Roux. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00686 |
container_title |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
container_volume |
6 |
_version_ |
1766393929736912896 |