IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration
One impediment to the successful oral vaccination in fish is the hostile stomach environment that antigens must cross. Furthermore, uptake of antigens from the gut to systemic distribution is required for induction of systemic immunity, the dynamics of which are poorly understood. In the present stu...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4452917 2023-05-15T15:30:30+02:00 IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration Chen, Lihan Evensen, Øystein Mutoloki, Stephen 2015-05-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452917/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008698 https://doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452917/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). CC-BY Communication Text 2015 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 2015-06-07T00:23:25Z One impediment to the successful oral vaccination in fish is the hostile stomach environment that antigens must cross. Furthermore, uptake of antigens from the gut to systemic distribution is required for induction of systemic immunity, the dynamics of which are poorly understood. In the present study, groups of Atlantic salmon parr were intubated with live or inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), either orally or anally. At 1, 24 and 72 h post infection (p.i.), the fish were sacrificed. Serum was used for assessing IPNV by ELISA, while formalin-fixed head-kidney, spleen, liver and intestine tissues were used for the demonstration of antigens by immunohistochemistry. Both live and inactivated IPNV antigens were observed in enterocytes of the intestines and in immune cells of the head-kidneys and spleens of all groups. In the liver, no antigens were observed in any of the groups. Significantly higher serum antigen OD values (p < 0.04) were observed in orally- compared to anally-intubated fish. By contrast, no difference (p = 0.05) was observed in tissue antigens between these groups by immunohistochemistry. No significant difference (p = 0.05) in serum antigens was observed between groups intubated with live and inactivated IPNV, while in tissues, significantly more antigens (p < 0.03) were observe in the latter compared to the former. These findings demonstrate that both live and inactivated IPNV are taken up by enterocytes in the intestines of Atlantic salmon, likely by receptor-mediated mechanisms. Higher IPNV uptake by the oral compared to anal route suggests that both the anterior and posterior intestines are important for the uptake of the virus and that IPNV is resistant to gastric degradation of the Atlantic salmon stomach. Text Atlantic salmon PubMed Central (PMC) Viruses 7 5 2507 2517 |
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Communication |
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Communication Chen, Lihan Evensen, Øystein Mutoloki, Stephen IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
topic_facet |
Communication |
description |
One impediment to the successful oral vaccination in fish is the hostile stomach environment that antigens must cross. Furthermore, uptake of antigens from the gut to systemic distribution is required for induction of systemic immunity, the dynamics of which are poorly understood. In the present study, groups of Atlantic salmon parr were intubated with live or inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), either orally or anally. At 1, 24 and 72 h post infection (p.i.), the fish were sacrificed. Serum was used for assessing IPNV by ELISA, while formalin-fixed head-kidney, spleen, liver and intestine tissues were used for the demonstration of antigens by immunohistochemistry. Both live and inactivated IPNV antigens were observed in enterocytes of the intestines and in immune cells of the head-kidneys and spleens of all groups. In the liver, no antigens were observed in any of the groups. Significantly higher serum antigen OD values (p < 0.04) were observed in orally- compared to anally-intubated fish. By contrast, no difference (p = 0.05) was observed in tissue antigens between these groups by immunohistochemistry. No significant difference (p = 0.05) in serum antigens was observed between groups intubated with live and inactivated IPNV, while in tissues, significantly more antigens (p < 0.03) were observe in the latter compared to the former. These findings demonstrate that both live and inactivated IPNV are taken up by enterocytes in the intestines of Atlantic salmon, likely by receptor-mediated mechanisms. Higher IPNV uptake by the oral compared to anal route suggests that both the anterior and posterior intestines are important for the uptake of the virus and that IPNV is resistant to gastric degradation of the Atlantic salmon stomach. |
format |
Text |
author |
Chen, Lihan Evensen, Øystein Mutoloki, Stephen |
author_facet |
Chen, Lihan Evensen, Øystein Mutoloki, Stephen |
author_sort |
Chen, Lihan |
title |
IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
title_short |
IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
title_full |
IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
title_fullStr |
IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
title_full_unstemmed |
IPNV Antigen Uptake and Distribution in Atlantic Salmon Following Oral Administration |
title_sort |
ipnv antigen uptake and distribution in atlantic salmon following oral administration |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452917/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008698 https://doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4452917/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26008698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 |
op_rights |
© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/v7052507 |
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Viruses |
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2507 |
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