Honey Bee Apis mellifera Parasites in the Absence of Nosema ceranae Fungi and Varroa destructor Mites

• Published in: PLoS ONE
• Main Authors: Shutler, Dave, Head, Krista, Burgher-MacLellan, Karen L., Colwell, Megan J., Levitt, Abby L., Ostiguy, Nancy, Williams, Geoffrey R.
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science 2014
• Subjects: Research Article; Canada; Newfoundland; Rennie
• Online Access: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4067279; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24955834; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098599

Few areas of the world have western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites Nosema ceranae (fungi) and Varroa destructor (mites). Particularly detrimental is V. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses...