Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
This study investigates the aerodynamics of the falcon Falco peregrinus while diving. During a dive peregrines can reach velocities of more than 320 km h−1. Unfortunately, in freely roaming falcons, these high velocities prohibit a precise determination of flight parameters such as velocity and acce...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3914994 2023-05-15T16:09:54+02:00 Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) Ponitz, Benjamin Schmitz, Anke Fischer, Dominik Bleckmann, Horst Brücker, Christoph 2014-02-05 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914994 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2014 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 2014-02-09T01:52:25Z This study investigates the aerodynamics of the falcon Falco peregrinus while diving. During a dive peregrines can reach velocities of more than 320 km h−1. Unfortunately, in freely roaming falcons, these high velocities prohibit a precise determination of flight parameters such as velocity and acceleration as well as body shape and wing contour. Therefore, individual F. peregrinus were trained to dive in front of a vertical dam with a height of 60 m. The presence of a well-defined background allowed us to reconstruct the flight path and the body shape of the falcon during certain flight phases. Flight trajectories were obtained with a stereo high-speed camera system. In addition, body images of the falcon were taken from two perspectives with a high-resolution digital camera. The dam allowed us to match the high-resolution images obtained from the digital camera with the corresponding images taken with the high-speed cameras. Using these data we built a life-size model of F. peregrinus and used it to measure the drag and lift forces in a wind-tunnel. We compared these forces acting on the model with the data obtained from the 3-D flight path trajectory of the diving F. peregrinus. Visualizations of the flow in the wind-tunnel uncovered details of the flow structure around the falcon’s body, which suggests local regions with separation of flow. High-resolution pictures of the diving peregrine indicate that feathers pop-up in the equivalent regions, where flow separation in the model falcon occurred. Text Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon PubMed Central (PMC) PLoS ONE 9 2 e86506 |
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Research Article Ponitz, Benjamin Schmitz, Anke Fischer, Dominik Bleckmann, Horst Brücker, Christoph Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
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Research Article |
description |
This study investigates the aerodynamics of the falcon Falco peregrinus while diving. During a dive peregrines can reach velocities of more than 320 km h−1. Unfortunately, in freely roaming falcons, these high velocities prohibit a precise determination of flight parameters such as velocity and acceleration as well as body shape and wing contour. Therefore, individual F. peregrinus were trained to dive in front of a vertical dam with a height of 60 m. The presence of a well-defined background allowed us to reconstruct the flight path and the body shape of the falcon during certain flight phases. Flight trajectories were obtained with a stereo high-speed camera system. In addition, body images of the falcon were taken from two perspectives with a high-resolution digital camera. The dam allowed us to match the high-resolution images obtained from the digital camera with the corresponding images taken with the high-speed cameras. Using these data we built a life-size model of F. peregrinus and used it to measure the drag and lift forces in a wind-tunnel. We compared these forces acting on the model with the data obtained from the 3-D flight path trajectory of the diving F. peregrinus. Visualizations of the flow in the wind-tunnel uncovered details of the flow structure around the falcon’s body, which suggests local regions with separation of flow. High-resolution pictures of the diving peregrine indicate that feathers pop-up in the equivalent regions, where flow separation in the model falcon occurred. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ponitz, Benjamin Schmitz, Anke Fischer, Dominik Bleckmann, Horst Brücker, Christoph |
author_facet |
Ponitz, Benjamin Schmitz, Anke Fischer, Dominik Bleckmann, Horst Brücker, Christoph |
author_sort |
Ponitz, Benjamin |
title |
Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
title_short |
Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
title_full |
Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
title_fullStr |
Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Diving-Flight Aerodynamics of a Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) |
title_sort |
diving-flight aerodynamics of a peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus) |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914994 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 |
genre |
Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon |
genre_facet |
Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3914994 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086506 |
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PLoS ONE |
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9 |
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2 |
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e86506 |
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