A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica
Antarctica's rich marine animal biodiversity has been substantially influenced by a complex glacial history, but it is unclear why some taxa responded with diversification while others did not. Despite being considered a single endemic sea slug species in the Southern Ocean, mitochondrial DNA s...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3841181 2023-05-15T14:02:38+02:00 A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica Wilson, Nerida G. Maschek, J. Alan Baker, Bill J. 2013-11-26 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841181 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303002 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841181 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 2013-12-08T01:24:22Z Antarctica's rich marine animal biodiversity has been substantially influenced by a complex glacial history, but it is unclear why some taxa responded with diversification while others did not. Despite being considered a single endemic sea slug species in the Southern Ocean, mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) revealed a multitude of highly divergent lineages. But because of the uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, it was unclear whether those lineages represented a radiation of cryptic species or simply stochastic sorting patterns of populations that rarely reach equilibrium. Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial groups in D. kerguelenensis also correlate with nuclear DNA. Additionally, by extracting secondary metabolites from the same individuals we sequenced, we were also able to directly link the secondary metabolome to a mitochondrial lineage. These metabolites are not derived from the diet, but instead are synthesized de novo and implicated in an anti-predatory role. The strong linkage between these metabolites and the mitochondrial lineages strongly suggests that these lineages represent cryptic species in an adaptive radiation. Over millions of years, episodic glacial cycles reduced the distribution of a formerly widespread slug into a series of small vicariant refuges, vulnerable to genetic drift and predation pressure. The recognition of this marine invertebrate species flock implicates a strongly synergistic role for selection and allopatry driving speciation in this system. Text Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Southern Ocean PLoS ONE 8 11 e80277 |
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Research Article Wilson, Nerida G. Maschek, J. Alan Baker, Bill J. A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
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Antarctica's rich marine animal biodiversity has been substantially influenced by a complex glacial history, but it is unclear why some taxa responded with diversification while others did not. Despite being considered a single endemic sea slug species in the Southern Ocean, mitochondrial DNA sequencing of Doris kerguelenensis (Bergh, 1884) revealed a multitude of highly divergent lineages. But because of the uniparental inheritance of mitochondria, it was unclear whether those lineages represented a radiation of cryptic species or simply stochastic sorting patterns of populations that rarely reach equilibrium. Here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial groups in D. kerguelenensis also correlate with nuclear DNA. Additionally, by extracting secondary metabolites from the same individuals we sequenced, we were also able to directly link the secondary metabolome to a mitochondrial lineage. These metabolites are not derived from the diet, but instead are synthesized de novo and implicated in an anti-predatory role. The strong linkage between these metabolites and the mitochondrial lineages strongly suggests that these lineages represent cryptic species in an adaptive radiation. Over millions of years, episodic glacial cycles reduced the distribution of a formerly widespread slug into a series of small vicariant refuges, vulnerable to genetic drift and predation pressure. The recognition of this marine invertebrate species flock implicates a strongly synergistic role for selection and allopatry driving speciation in this system. |
format |
Text |
author |
Wilson, Nerida G. Maschek, J. Alan Baker, Bill J. |
author_facet |
Wilson, Nerida G. Maschek, J. Alan Baker, Bill J. |
author_sort |
Wilson, Nerida G. |
title |
A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
title_short |
A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
title_full |
A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
title_fullStr |
A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Species Flock Driven by Predation? Secondary Metabolites Support Diversification of Slugs in Antarctica |
title_sort |
species flock driven by predation? secondary metabolites support diversification of slugs in antarctica |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841181 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303002 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3841181 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303002 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080277 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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11 |
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e80277 |
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