Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing
The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3797693 2023-05-15T15:31:51+02:00 Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing Carmichael, Stephen N. Bekaert, Michaël Taggart, John B. Christie, Hayden R. L. Bassett, David I. Bron, James E. Skuce, Philip J. Gharbi, Karim Skern-Mauritzen, Rasmus Sturm, Armin 2013-10-16 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797693 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147087 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797693 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147087 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 2013-10-27T00:31:04Z The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show sex ratios close to 1:1. While this observation suggests that sex determination in salmon lice is genetic, with only minor environmental influences, the mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse is unknown. This paper describes the identification of a sex-linked Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) marker, providing the first evidence for a genetic mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to isolate SNP markers in a laboratory-maintained salmon louse strain. A total of 85 million raw Illumina 100 base paired-end reads produced 281,838 unique RAD-tags across 24 unrelated individuals. RAD marker Lsa101901 showed complete association with phenotypic sex for all individuals analysed, being heterozygous in females and homozygous in males. Using an allele-specific PCR assay for genotyping, this SNP association pattern was further confirmed for three unrelated salmon louse strains, displaying complete association with phenotypic sex in a total of 96 genotyped individuals. The marker Lsa101901 was located in the coding region of the prohibitin-2 gene, which showed a sex-dependent differential expression, with mRNA levels determined by RT-qPCR about 1.8-fold higher in adult female than adult male salmon lice. This study’s observations of a novel sex-linked SNP marker are consistent with sex determination in the salmon louse being genetic and following a female heterozygous system. Marker Lsa101901 provides a tool to determine the genetic sex of salmon lice, and could be useful in the development of control strategies. Text Atlantic salmon Salmo salar PubMed Central (PMC) PLoS ONE 8 10 e77832 |
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Research Article Carmichael, Stephen N. Bekaert, Michaël Taggart, John B. Christie, Hayden R. L. Bassett, David I. Bron, James E. Skuce, Philip J. Gharbi, Karim Skern-Mauritzen, Rasmus Sturm, Armin Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
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Research Article |
description |
The salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837)) is a parasitic copepod that can, if untreated, cause considerable damage to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) and incurs significant costs to the Atlantic salmon mariculture industry. Salmon lice are gonochoristic and normally show sex ratios close to 1:1. While this observation suggests that sex determination in salmon lice is genetic, with only minor environmental influences, the mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse is unknown. This paper describes the identification of a sex-linked Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) marker, providing the first evidence for a genetic mechanism of sex determination in the salmon louse. Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) was used to isolate SNP markers in a laboratory-maintained salmon louse strain. A total of 85 million raw Illumina 100 base paired-end reads produced 281,838 unique RAD-tags across 24 unrelated individuals. RAD marker Lsa101901 showed complete association with phenotypic sex for all individuals analysed, being heterozygous in females and homozygous in males. Using an allele-specific PCR assay for genotyping, this SNP association pattern was further confirmed for three unrelated salmon louse strains, displaying complete association with phenotypic sex in a total of 96 genotyped individuals. The marker Lsa101901 was located in the coding region of the prohibitin-2 gene, which showed a sex-dependent differential expression, with mRNA levels determined by RT-qPCR about 1.8-fold higher in adult female than adult male salmon lice. This study’s observations of a novel sex-linked SNP marker are consistent with sex determination in the salmon louse being genetic and following a female heterozygous system. Marker Lsa101901 provides a tool to determine the genetic sex of salmon lice, and could be useful in the development of control strategies. |
format |
Text |
author |
Carmichael, Stephen N. Bekaert, Michaël Taggart, John B. Christie, Hayden R. L. Bassett, David I. Bron, James E. Skuce, Philip J. Gharbi, Karim Skern-Mauritzen, Rasmus Sturm, Armin |
author_facet |
Carmichael, Stephen N. Bekaert, Michaël Taggart, John B. Christie, Hayden R. L. Bassett, David I. Bron, James E. Skuce, Philip J. Gharbi, Karim Skern-Mauritzen, Rasmus Sturm, Armin |
author_sort |
Carmichael, Stephen N. |
title |
Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
title_short |
Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
title_full |
Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
title_fullStr |
Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of a Sex-Linked SNP Marker in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) Using RAD Sequencing |
title_sort |
identification of a sex-linked snp marker in the salmon louse (lepeophtheirus salmonis) using rad sequencing |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797693 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147087 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 |
genre |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
genre_facet |
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3797693 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24147087 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 |
op_rights |
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077832 |
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PLoS ONE |
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8 |
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10 |
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e77832 |
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