Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral
Although bone is a nanocomposite of mineral and collagen, mineral has been the more elusive component to study. A standard for bone mineral clearly is needed. We hypothesized that the most natural, least-processed bone mineral could be retrieved from the most highly mineralized bone. We therefore st...
Published in: | Connective Tissue Research |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
2013
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586370 https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3789591 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3789591 2023-05-15T18:33:26+02:00 Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral Li, Zhen Pasteris, Jill D. Novack, Deborah 2013-04-15 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586370 https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 en eng http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 Article Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 2014-04-20T00:31:53Z Although bone is a nanocomposite of mineral and collagen, mineral has been the more elusive component to study. A standard for bone mineral clearly is needed. We hypothesized that the most natural, least-processed bone mineral could be retrieved from the most highly mineralized bone. We therefore studied the rostrum of the toothed whale Mesoplodon densirostris, which has the densest recognized bone. Essential to establishment of a standard for bone mineral is documentation that the proposed tissue is bone-like in all properties except for its remarkably high concentration of mineral. Transmitted-light microscopy of unstained sections of rostral material shows normal bone morphology in osteon geometry, lacunae concentration, and vasculature development. Stained sections reveal extremely low density of thin collagen fibers throughout most of the bone, but enrichment in and thicker collagen fibers around vascular holes and in a minority of osteons. FE-SEM shows the rostrum to consist mostly of dense mineral prisms. Most rostral areas have the same chemical-structural features, Raman spectroscopically dominated by strong bands at ~962 Δcm−1 and weak bands at ~2940 Δcm−1. Spectral features indicate that the rostrum is composed mainly of the calcium phosphate mineral apatite and has only about 4 wt.% organic content. The degree of carbonate substitution (~8.5 wt.% carbonate) in the apatite is in the upper range found in most types of bone. We conclude that, despite its enamel-like extraordinarily high degree of mineralization, the rostrum is in all other features bone-like. Its mineral component is the long-sought uncontaminated, unaltered exemplar of bone mineral. Text toothed whale PubMed Central (PMC) Connective Tissue Research 54 3 167 175 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Article |
spellingShingle |
Article Li, Zhen Pasteris, Jill D. Novack, Deborah Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
topic_facet |
Article |
description |
Although bone is a nanocomposite of mineral and collagen, mineral has been the more elusive component to study. A standard for bone mineral clearly is needed. We hypothesized that the most natural, least-processed bone mineral could be retrieved from the most highly mineralized bone. We therefore studied the rostrum of the toothed whale Mesoplodon densirostris, which has the densest recognized bone. Essential to establishment of a standard for bone mineral is documentation that the proposed tissue is bone-like in all properties except for its remarkably high concentration of mineral. Transmitted-light microscopy of unstained sections of rostral material shows normal bone morphology in osteon geometry, lacunae concentration, and vasculature development. Stained sections reveal extremely low density of thin collagen fibers throughout most of the bone, but enrichment in and thicker collagen fibers around vascular holes and in a minority of osteons. FE-SEM shows the rostrum to consist mostly of dense mineral prisms. Most rostral areas have the same chemical-structural features, Raman spectroscopically dominated by strong bands at ~962 Δcm−1 and weak bands at ~2940 Δcm−1. Spectral features indicate that the rostrum is composed mainly of the calcium phosphate mineral apatite and has only about 4 wt.% organic content. The degree of carbonate substitution (~8.5 wt.% carbonate) in the apatite is in the upper range found in most types of bone. We conclude that, despite its enamel-like extraordinarily high degree of mineralization, the rostrum is in all other features bone-like. Its mineral component is the long-sought uncontaminated, unaltered exemplar of bone mineral. |
format |
Text |
author |
Li, Zhen Pasteris, Jill D. Novack, Deborah |
author_facet |
Li, Zhen Pasteris, Jill D. Novack, Deborah |
author_sort |
Li, Zhen |
title |
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
title_short |
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
title_full |
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
title_fullStr |
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
title_full_unstemmed |
Hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
title_sort |
hypermineralized whale rostrum as the exemplar for bone mineral |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586370 https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 |
genre |
toothed whale |
genre_facet |
toothed whale |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789591 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23586370 http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3109/03008207.2013.769973 |
container_title |
Connective Tissue Research |
container_volume |
54 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
167 |
op_container_end_page |
175 |
_version_ |
1766218031339405312 |