New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic
The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Port...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3721215 2023-05-15T17:29:31+02:00 New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodriguez, Paula Otero, Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor 2013-06-05 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721215 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739043 https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721215 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739043 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). CC-BY Article Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 2013-09-05T02:52:32Z The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. Text North Atlantic PubMed Central (PMC) Marine Drugs 11 6 1936 1960 |
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Article Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodriguez, Paula Otero, Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
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The prevalence of poisoning events due to harmful algal blooms (HABs) has declined during the last two decades through monitoring programs and legislation, implemented mainly for bivalves. However, new toxin vectors and emergent toxins pose a challenge to public health. Several locations on the Portuguese coast were surveyed between 2009 and 2010 for three distinct biotoxin groups [saxitoxin (PST), spirolide (SPX) and okadaic acid (OA)], in 14 benthic species of mollusks and echinoderms. Our main goals were to detect new vectors and unravel the seasonal and geographical patterns of these toxins. PSTs were analyzed by the Lawrence method, SPXs by LC-MS/MS, and OA by LC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. We report 16 new vectors for these toxins in the North Atlantic. There were differences in toxin contents among species, but no significant geographical or seasonal patterns were found. Our results suggest that legislation should be adjusted to extend the monitoring of marine toxins to a wider range of species besides edible bivalves. |
format |
Text |
author |
Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodriguez, Paula Otero, Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_facet |
Silva, Marisa Barreiro, Aldo Rodriguez, Paula Otero, Paz Azevedo, Joana Alfonso, Amparo Botana, Luis M. Vasconcelos, Vitor |
author_sort |
Silva, Marisa |
title |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_short |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_fullStr |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_full_unstemmed |
New Invertebrate Vectors for PST, Spirolides and Okadaic Acid in the North Atlantic |
title_sort |
new invertebrate vectors for pst, spirolides and okadaic acid in the north atlantic |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721215 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739043 https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3721215 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23739043 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
op_rights |
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
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CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3390/md11061936 |
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Marine Drugs |
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11 |
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6 |
container_start_page |
1936 |
op_container_end_page |
1960 |
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1766123665354653696 |