Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts
Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected seal meat. Here we explore the hypothesis th...
Published in: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3709299 2023-05-15T14:50:55+02:00 Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts Simon, Audrey Poulin, Michel Bigras Rousseau, Alain N. Ogden, Nicholas H. 2013-03-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709299 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478399 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 en eng MDPI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709299 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478399 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). CC-BY Article Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 2013-09-05T02:23:04Z Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected seal meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contamination by other faeces-borne pathogens transported via the spring freshet in seasonally snow covered watersheds. Text Arctic inuit PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10 3 994 1005 |
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Article Simon, Audrey Poulin, Michel Bigras Rousseau, Alain N. Ogden, Nicholas H. Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
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Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan that causes serious illness in humans and infects animals worldwide, including the Canadian Arctic. Indeed, high prevalence of infection amongst Inuit has been recorded, possibly due to consumption of raw infected seal meat. Here we explore the hypothesis that T. gondii oocysts contaminate the coastal marine environment via surface runoff from across the boreal watershed, particularly during the snowmelt period. We propose a conceptual framework of the different processes governing the fate and transport of T. gondii oocysts from the melting snowpack to the Canadian arctic coast via the freshwater runoff. This framework identifies the feasibility of a transmission pathway of oocysts from contaminated soil to the marine environment, but also the complexity and multiplicity of mechanisms involved. In addition, the framework identifies knowledge gaps for guiding future studies on T. gondii oocysts. Furthermore, this work could be used as a tool to investigate the possible estuarine contamination by other faeces-borne pathogens transported via the spring freshet in seasonally snow covered watersheds. |
format |
Text |
author |
Simon, Audrey Poulin, Michel Bigras Rousseau, Alain N. Ogden, Nicholas H. |
author_facet |
Simon, Audrey Poulin, Michel Bigras Rousseau, Alain N. Ogden, Nicholas H. |
author_sort |
Simon, Audrey |
title |
Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
title_short |
Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
title_full |
Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
title_fullStr |
Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Fate and Transport of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seasonally Snow Covered Watersheds: A Conceptual Framework from a Melting Snowpack to the Canadian Arctic Coasts |
title_sort |
fate and transport of toxoplasma gondii oocysts in seasonally snow covered watersheds: a conceptual framework from a melting snowpack to the canadian arctic coasts |
publisher |
MDPI |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709299 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478399 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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Arctic inuit |
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Arctic inuit |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3709299 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23478399 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 |
op_rights |
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
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CC-BY |
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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10030994 |
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
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10 |
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3 |
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994 |
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1005 |
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1766321968115613696 |