Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air?
Toothed whales and bats have independently evolved biosonar systems to navigate and locate and catch prey. Such active sensing allows them to operate in darkness, but with the potential cost of warning prey by the emission of intense ultrasonic signals. At least six orders of nocturnal insects have...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3679510 2023-05-15T18:33:26+02:00 Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? Wilson, Maria Wahlberg, Magnus Surlykke, Annemarie Madsen, Peter Teglberg 2013-06-12 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679510 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781206 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 en eng Frontiers Media S.A. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679510 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 Copyright © 2013 Wilson, Wahlberg, Surlykke and Madsen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. CC-BY Physiology Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 2013-09-05T00:57:32Z Toothed whales and bats have independently evolved biosonar systems to navigate and locate and catch prey. Such active sensing allows them to operate in darkness, but with the potential cost of warning prey by the emission of intense ultrasonic signals. At least six orders of nocturnal insects have independently evolved ears sensitive to ultrasound and exhibit evasive maneuvers when exposed to bat calls. Among aquatic prey on the other hand, the ability to detect and avoid ultrasound emitting predators seems to be limited to only one subfamily of Clupeidae: the Alosinae (shad and menhaden). These differences are likely rooted in the different physical properties of air and water where cuticular mechanoreceptors have been adapted to serve as ultrasound sensitive ears, whereas ultrasound detection in water have called for sensory cells mechanically connected to highly specialized gas volumes that can oscillate at high frequencies. In addition, there are most likely differences in the risk of predation between insects and fish from echolocating predators. The selection pressure among insects for evolving ultrasound sensitive ears is high, because essentially all nocturnal predation on flying insects stems from echolocating bats. In the interaction between toothed whales and their prey the selection pressure seems weaker, because toothed whales are by no means the only marine predators placing a selection pressure on their prey to evolve specific means to detect and avoid them. Toothed whales can generate extremely intense sound pressure levels, and it has been suggested that they may use these to debilitate prey. Recent experiments, however, show that neither fish with swim bladders, nor squid are debilitated by such signals. This strongly suggests that the production of high amplitude ultrasonic clicks serve the function of improving the detection range of the toothed whale biosonar system rather than debilitation of prey. Text toothed whale toothed whales PubMed Central (PMC) Frontiers in Physiology 4 |
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Physiology |
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Physiology Wilson, Maria Wahlberg, Magnus Surlykke, Annemarie Madsen, Peter Teglberg Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
topic_facet |
Physiology |
description |
Toothed whales and bats have independently evolved biosonar systems to navigate and locate and catch prey. Such active sensing allows them to operate in darkness, but with the potential cost of warning prey by the emission of intense ultrasonic signals. At least six orders of nocturnal insects have independently evolved ears sensitive to ultrasound and exhibit evasive maneuvers when exposed to bat calls. Among aquatic prey on the other hand, the ability to detect and avoid ultrasound emitting predators seems to be limited to only one subfamily of Clupeidae: the Alosinae (shad and menhaden). These differences are likely rooted in the different physical properties of air and water where cuticular mechanoreceptors have been adapted to serve as ultrasound sensitive ears, whereas ultrasound detection in water have called for sensory cells mechanically connected to highly specialized gas volumes that can oscillate at high frequencies. In addition, there are most likely differences in the risk of predation between insects and fish from echolocating predators. The selection pressure among insects for evolving ultrasound sensitive ears is high, because essentially all nocturnal predation on flying insects stems from echolocating bats. In the interaction between toothed whales and their prey the selection pressure seems weaker, because toothed whales are by no means the only marine predators placing a selection pressure on their prey to evolve specific means to detect and avoid them. Toothed whales can generate extremely intense sound pressure levels, and it has been suggested that they may use these to debilitate prey. Recent experiments, however, show that neither fish with swim bladders, nor squid are debilitated by such signals. This strongly suggests that the production of high amplitude ultrasonic clicks serve the function of improving the detection range of the toothed whale biosonar system rather than debilitation of prey. |
format |
Text |
author |
Wilson, Maria Wahlberg, Magnus Surlykke, Annemarie Madsen, Peter Teglberg |
author_facet |
Wilson, Maria Wahlberg, Magnus Surlykke, Annemarie Madsen, Peter Teglberg |
author_sort |
Wilson, Maria |
title |
Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
title_short |
Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
title_full |
Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
title_fullStr |
Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
title_sort |
ultrasonic predator–prey interactions in water–convergent evolution with insects and bats in air? |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679510 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781206 https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 |
genre |
toothed whale toothed whales |
genre_facet |
toothed whale toothed whales |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3679510 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23781206 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2013 Wilson, Wahlberg, Surlykke and Madsen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00137 |
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Frontiers in Physiology |
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4 |
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1766218033814044672 |