Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers
It is well known that ocean acidification can have profound impacts on marine organisms. However, we know little about the direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification and also how these effects interact with other features of environmental change such as warming and declining consumer pressur...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3666745 2023-05-15T17:49:33+02:00 Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers Alsterberg, Christian Eklöf, Johan S. Gamfeldt, Lars Havenhand, Jonathan N. Sundbäck, Kristina 2013-05-21 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666745 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23630263 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666745 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23630263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Biological Sciences Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 2013-09-05T00:22:27Z It is well known that ocean acidification can have profound impacts on marine organisms. However, we know little about the direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification and also how these effects interact with other features of environmental change such as warming and declining consumer pressure. In this study, we tested whether the presence of consumers (invertebrate mesograzers) influenced the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on benthic microalgae in a seagrass community mesocosm experiment. Net effects of acidification and warming on benthic microalgal biomass and production, as assessed by analysis of variance, were relatively weak regardless of grazer presence. However, partitioning these net effects into direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling revealed several strong relationships. In the absence of grazers, benthic microalgae were negatively and indirectly affected by sediment-associated microalgal grazers and macroalgal shading, but directly and positively affected by acidification and warming. Combining indirect and direct effects yielded no or weak net effects. In the presence of grazers, almost all direct and indirect climate effects were nonsignificant. Our analyses highlight that (i) indirect effects of climate change may be at least as strong as direct effects, (ii) grazers are crucial in mediating these effects, and (iii) effects of ocean acidification may be apparent only through indirect effects and in combination with other variables (e.g., warming). These findings highlight the importance of experimental designs and statistical analyses that allow us to separate and quantify the direct and indirect effects of multiple climate variables on natural communities. Text Ocean acidification PubMed Central (PMC) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 21 8603 8608 |
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Biological Sciences Alsterberg, Christian Eklöf, Johan S. Gamfeldt, Lars Havenhand, Jonathan N. Sundbäck, Kristina Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
topic_facet |
Biological Sciences |
description |
It is well known that ocean acidification can have profound impacts on marine organisms. However, we know little about the direct and indirect effects of ocean acidification and also how these effects interact with other features of environmental change such as warming and declining consumer pressure. In this study, we tested whether the presence of consumers (invertebrate mesograzers) influenced the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming on benthic microalgae in a seagrass community mesocosm experiment. Net effects of acidification and warming on benthic microalgal biomass and production, as assessed by analysis of variance, were relatively weak regardless of grazer presence. However, partitioning these net effects into direct and indirect effects using structural equation modeling revealed several strong relationships. In the absence of grazers, benthic microalgae were negatively and indirectly affected by sediment-associated microalgal grazers and macroalgal shading, but directly and positively affected by acidification and warming. Combining indirect and direct effects yielded no or weak net effects. In the presence of grazers, almost all direct and indirect climate effects were nonsignificant. Our analyses highlight that (i) indirect effects of climate change may be at least as strong as direct effects, (ii) grazers are crucial in mediating these effects, and (iii) effects of ocean acidification may be apparent only through indirect effects and in combination with other variables (e.g., warming). These findings highlight the importance of experimental designs and statistical analyses that allow us to separate and quantify the direct and indirect effects of multiple climate variables on natural communities. |
format |
Text |
author |
Alsterberg, Christian Eklöf, Johan S. Gamfeldt, Lars Havenhand, Jonathan N. Sundbäck, Kristina |
author_facet |
Alsterberg, Christian Eklöf, Johan S. Gamfeldt, Lars Havenhand, Jonathan N. Sundbäck, Kristina |
author_sort |
Alsterberg, Christian |
title |
Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
title_short |
Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
title_full |
Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
title_fullStr |
Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
title_full_unstemmed |
Consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
title_sort |
consumers mediate the effects of experimental ocean acidification and warming on primary producers |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666745 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23630263 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666745 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23630263 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 |
op_rights |
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1303797110 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
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110 |
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21 |
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8603 |
op_container_end_page |
8608 |
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1766155920737304576 |