Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)
This study examined vertebra formation, morphology, regional characters, and bending properties of the vertebral column of Atlantic cod throughout its life cycle (0–6 years). The first structure to form was the foremost neural arch, 21 days post hatching (dph), and the first vertebra centrum to form...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3666241 2023-05-15T15:27:24+02:00 Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) Fjelldal, Per G Totland, Geir K Hansen, Tom Kryvi, Harald Wang, Xiyuan Søndergaard, Jens L Grotmol, Sindre 2013-06 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587057 https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 en eng Blackwell Science Inc http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 Journal of Anatomy © 2013 Anatomical Society Original Articles Text 2013 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 2015-06-06T23:57:31Z This study examined vertebra formation, morphology, regional characters, and bending properties of the vertebral column of Atlantic cod throughout its life cycle (0–6 years). The first structure to form was the foremost neural arch, 21 days post hatching (dph), and the first vertebra centrum to form – as a chordacentrum – was the 3rd centrum at 28 dph. Thereafter, the notochord centra developed in a regular sequence towards the head and caudal fin. All vertebrae were formed within 50 dph. The vertebral column consisted of 52 (± 2) vertebrae (V) and could be divided into four distinct regions: (i) the cervical region (neck) (V1 and V2), characterized by short vertebra centra, prominent neural spines and absence of articulations with ribs; (ii) the abdominal region (trunk) (V3–V19), characterized by vertebrae with wing-shaped transverse processes (parapophyses) that all articulate with a rib; (iii) the caudal region (tail) (V20–V40), where the vertebra centra have haemal arches with prominent haemal spines; (iv) the ural region (V41 to the last vertebra), characterized by broad neural and haemal spines, providing sites of origin for muscles inserting on the fin rays – lepidotrichs – of the tail fin. The number of vertebrae in the cervical, abdominal and caudal regions was found to be constant, whereas in the ural region, numbers varied from 12 to 15. Geometric modelling based on combination of vertebra lengths, diameters and intervertebral distances showed an even flexibility throughout the column, except in the ural region, where flexibility increased. Throughout ontogeny, the vertebra centra of the different regions followed distinct patterns of growth; the relative length of the vertebrae increased in the cervical and abdominal regions, and decreased in the caudal and ural regions with increasing age. This may reflect changes in swimming mode with age, and/or that the production of large volumes of gametes during sexual maturation requires a significant increase in abdominal cavity volume. Text atlantic cod Gadus morhua PubMed Central (PMC) Journal of Anatomy 222 6 615 624 |
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Original Articles Fjelldal, Per G Totland, Geir K Hansen, Tom Kryvi, Harald Wang, Xiyuan Søndergaard, Jens L Grotmol, Sindre Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
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Original Articles |
description |
This study examined vertebra formation, morphology, regional characters, and bending properties of the vertebral column of Atlantic cod throughout its life cycle (0–6 years). The first structure to form was the foremost neural arch, 21 days post hatching (dph), and the first vertebra centrum to form – as a chordacentrum – was the 3rd centrum at 28 dph. Thereafter, the notochord centra developed in a regular sequence towards the head and caudal fin. All vertebrae were formed within 50 dph. The vertebral column consisted of 52 (± 2) vertebrae (V) and could be divided into four distinct regions: (i) the cervical region (neck) (V1 and V2), characterized by short vertebra centra, prominent neural spines and absence of articulations with ribs; (ii) the abdominal region (trunk) (V3–V19), characterized by vertebrae with wing-shaped transverse processes (parapophyses) that all articulate with a rib; (iii) the caudal region (tail) (V20–V40), where the vertebra centra have haemal arches with prominent haemal spines; (iv) the ural region (V41 to the last vertebra), characterized by broad neural and haemal spines, providing sites of origin for muscles inserting on the fin rays – lepidotrichs – of the tail fin. The number of vertebrae in the cervical, abdominal and caudal regions was found to be constant, whereas in the ural region, numbers varied from 12 to 15. Geometric modelling based on combination of vertebra lengths, diameters and intervertebral distances showed an even flexibility throughout the column, except in the ural region, where flexibility increased. Throughout ontogeny, the vertebra centra of the different regions followed distinct patterns of growth; the relative length of the vertebrae increased in the cervical and abdominal regions, and decreased in the caudal and ural regions with increasing age. This may reflect changes in swimming mode with age, and/or that the production of large volumes of gametes during sexual maturation requires a significant increase in abdominal cavity volume. |
format |
Text |
author |
Fjelldal, Per G Totland, Geir K Hansen, Tom Kryvi, Harald Wang, Xiyuan Søndergaard, Jens L Grotmol, Sindre |
author_facet |
Fjelldal, Per G Totland, Geir K Hansen, Tom Kryvi, Harald Wang, Xiyuan Søndergaard, Jens L Grotmol, Sindre |
author_sort |
Fjelldal, Per G |
title |
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
title_short |
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
title_full |
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
title_fullStr |
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) |
title_sort |
regional changes in vertebra morphology during ontogeny reflect the life history of atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) |
publisher |
Blackwell Science Inc |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587057 https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 |
genre |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
genre_facet |
atlantic cod Gadus morhua |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666241/ http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587057 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 |
op_rights |
Journal of Anatomy © 2013 Anatomical Society |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12049 |
container_title |
Journal of Anatomy |
container_volume |
222 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
615 |
op_container_end_page |
624 |
_version_ |
1766357846883041280 |