The Geography of Fear: A Latitudinal Gradient in Anti-Predator Escape Distances of Birds across Europe

• Published in: PLoS ONE
• Main Authors: Díaz, Mario, Møller, Anders Pape, Flensted-Jensen, Einar, Grim, Tomáš, Ibáñez-Álamo, Juan Diego, Jokimäki, Jukka, Markó, Gábor, Tryjanowski, Piotr
• Format: Text
• Language: English
• Published: Public Library of Science 2013
• Subjects: Research Article; Fid; Northern Finland
• Online Access: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665823; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23724070; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064634

All animals flee from potential predators, and the distance at which this happens is optimized so the benefits from staying are balanced against the costs of flight. Because predator diversity and abundance decreases with increasing latitude, and differs between rural and urban areas, we should expe...