Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus)
Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic an...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3501639 2023-05-15T14:52:02+02:00 Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) Elizabeth Alter, S Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L 2012-11 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501639 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23170222 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 en eng Blackwell Publishing Ltd http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501639 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23170222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 © 2012 Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. CC-BY Original Research Text 2012 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 2013-09-04T16:06:38Z Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period. Text Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin ENVELOPE(-77.918,-77.918,65.931,65.931) Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet ENVELOPE(-90.431,-90.431,72.993,72.993) Ecology and Evolution 2 11 2895 2911 |
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Original Research |
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Original Research Elizabeth Alter, S Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
topic_facet |
Original Research |
description |
Sea ice is believed to be a major factor shaping gene flow for polar marine organisms, but it remains unclear to what extent it represents a true barrier to dispersal for arctic cetaceans. Bowhead whales are highly adapted to polar sea ice and were targeted by commercial whalers throughout Arctic and subarctic seas for at least four centuries, resulting in severe reductions in most areas. Both changing ice conditions and reductions due to whaling may have affected geographic distribution and genetic diversity throughout their range, but little is known about range-wide genetic structure or whether it differed in the past. This study represents the first examination of genetic diversity and differentiation across all five putative stocks, including Baffin Bay-Davis Strait, Hudson Bay-Foxe Basin, Bering-Beaufort-Chukchi, Okhotsk, and Spitsbergen. We also utilized ancient specimens from Prince Regent Inlet (PRI) in the Canadian Arctic and compared them with modern stocks. Results from analysis of molecular variance and demographic simulations are consistent with recent and high gene flow between Atlantic and Pacific stocks in the recent past. Significant genetic differences between ancient and modern populations suggest PRI harbored unique maternal lineages in the past that have been recently lost, possibly due to loss of habitat during the Little Ice Age and/or whaling. Unexpectedly, samples from this location show a closer genetic relationship with modern Pacific stocks than Atlantic, supporting high gene flow between the central Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea over the past millennium despite extremely heavy ice cover over much of this period. |
format |
Text |
author |
Elizabeth Alter, S Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L |
author_facet |
Elizabeth Alter, S Rosenbaum, Howard C Postma, Lianne D Whitridge, Peter Gaines, Cork Weber, Diana Egan, Mary G Lindsay, Melissa Amato, George Dueck, Larry Brownell, Robert L Heide-Jørgensen, Mads-Peter Laidre, Kristin L Caccone, Gisella Hancock, Brittany L |
author_sort |
Elizabeth Alter, S |
title |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_short |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_full |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_fullStr |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping Holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) |
title_sort |
gene flow on ice: the role of sea ice and whaling in shaping holarctic genetic diversity and population differentiation in bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus) |
publisher |
Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501639 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23170222 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-77.918,-77.918,65.931,65.931) ENVELOPE(-90.431,-90.431,72.993,72.993) |
geographic |
Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Foxe Basin Hudson Hudson Bay Okhotsk Pacific Prince Regent Inlet |
genre |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen |
genre_facet |
Arctic Baffin Bay Baffin Bay Baffin Balaena mysticetus Beaufort Sea Chukchi Davis Strait Foxe Basin Hudson Bay Prince Regent Inlet Sea ice Subarctic Spitsbergen |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501639 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23170222 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 |
op_rights |
© 2012 Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ Re-use of this article is permitted in accordance with the Creative Commons Deed, Attribution 2.5, which does not permit commercial exploitation. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.397 |
container_title |
Ecology and Evolution |
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2 |
container_issue |
11 |
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2895 |
op_container_end_page |
2911 |
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1766323162847379456 |