Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System
Changes in the Arctic’s climate are a result of complex interactions between the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. More feedbacks from the cryosphere to climate warming are positive and result in further warming than are negative, resulting in a reduced rate of warming or cooling. Feedba...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3357779 2023-05-15T13:11:33+02:00 Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Key, Jeff Prowse, Terry Ananicheva, Maria Klepikov, Alexander 2012-01-22 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357779 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 en eng Springer Netherlands http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 © Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2012 Article Text 2012 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 2013-09-04T07:36:15Z Changes in the Arctic’s climate are a result of complex interactions between the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. More feedbacks from the cryosphere to climate warming are positive and result in further warming than are negative, resulting in a reduced rate of warming or cooling. Feedbacks operate at different spatial scales; many, such as those operating through albedo and evapotranspiration, will have significant local effects that together could result in global impacts. Some processes, such as changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are likely to have very small global effects but uncertainty is high whereas others, such as subsea methane (CH4) emissions, could have large global effects. Some cryospheric processes in the Arctic have teleconnections with other regions and major changes in the cryosphere have been largely a result of large-scale processes, particularly atmospheric and oceanic circulation. With continued climate warming it is highly likely that the cryospheric components will play an increasingly important climatic role. However, the net effect of all the feedbacks is difficult to assess because of the variability in spatial and temporal scales over which they operate. Furthermore, general circulation models (GCMs) do not include all major feedbacks while those included may not be accurately parameterized. The lack of full coupling between surface dynamics and the atmosphere is a major gap in current GCMs. Text albedo arctic cryosphere Arctic PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic AMBIO 40 S1 75 86 |
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Article Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Key, Jeff Prowse, Terry Ananicheva, Maria Klepikov, Alexander Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
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description |
Changes in the Arctic’s climate are a result of complex interactions between the cryosphere, atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. More feedbacks from the cryosphere to climate warming are positive and result in further warming than are negative, resulting in a reduced rate of warming or cooling. Feedbacks operate at different spatial scales; many, such as those operating through albedo and evapotranspiration, will have significant local effects that together could result in global impacts. Some processes, such as changes in carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, are likely to have very small global effects but uncertainty is high whereas others, such as subsea methane (CH4) emissions, could have large global effects. Some cryospheric processes in the Arctic have teleconnections with other regions and major changes in the cryosphere have been largely a result of large-scale processes, particularly atmospheric and oceanic circulation. With continued climate warming it is highly likely that the cryospheric components will play an increasingly important climatic role. However, the net effect of all the feedbacks is difficult to assess because of the variability in spatial and temporal scales over which they operate. Furthermore, general circulation models (GCMs) do not include all major feedbacks while those included may not be accurately parameterized. The lack of full coupling between surface dynamics and the atmosphere is a major gap in current GCMs. |
format |
Text |
author |
Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Key, Jeff Prowse, Terry Ananicheva, Maria Klepikov, Alexander |
author_facet |
Callaghan, Terry V. Johansson, Margareta Key, Jeff Prowse, Terry Ananicheva, Maria Klepikov, Alexander |
author_sort |
Callaghan, Terry V. |
title |
Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
title_short |
Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
title_full |
Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
title_fullStr |
Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
title_full_unstemmed |
Feedbacks and Interactions: From the Arctic Cryosphere to the Climate System |
title_sort |
feedbacks and interactions: from the arctic cryosphere to the climate system |
publisher |
Springer Netherlands |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357779 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 |
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Arctic |
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Arctic |
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albedo arctic cryosphere Arctic |
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albedo arctic cryosphere Arctic |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3357779 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 |
op_rights |
© Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2012 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0215-8 |
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