Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants
Rising atmospheric CO2 often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which li...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3338829 2023-05-15T17:50:04+02:00 Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants Arnold, Thomas Mealey, Christopher Leahey, Hannah Miller, A. Whitman Hall-Spencer, Jason M. Milazzo, Marco Maers, Kelly 2012-04-25 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338829 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558120 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338829 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 Arnold et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2012 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 2013-09-04T06:23:18Z Rising atmospheric CO2 often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which link carbon availability to phenolic biosynthesis. CO2 availability is also increasing in the oceans, where anthropogenic emissions cause ocean acidification, decreasing seawater pH and shifting the carbonate system towards further CO2 enrichment. Such conditions tend to increase seagrass productivity but may also increase rates of grazing on these marine plants. Here we show that high CO2 / low pH conditions of OA decrease, rather than increase, concentrations of phenolic protective substances in seagrasses and eurysaline marine plants. We observed a loss of simple and polymeric phenolics in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa near a volcanic CO2 vent on the Island of Vulcano, Italy, where pH values decreased from 8.1 to 7.3 and pCO2 concentrations increased ten-fold. We observed similar responses in two estuarine species, Ruppia maritima and Potamogeton perfoliatus, in in situ Free-Ocean-Carbon-Enrichment experiments conducted in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. These responses are strikingly different than those exhibited by terrestrial plants. The loss of phenolic substances may explain the higher-than-usual rates of grazing observed near undersea CO2 vents and suggests that ocean acidification may alter coastal carbon fluxes by affecting rates of decomposition, grazing, and disease. Our observations temper recent predictions that seagrasses would necessarily be “winners” in a high CO2 world. Text Ocean acidification PubMed Central (PMC) PLoS ONE 7 4 e35107 |
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Research Article Arnold, Thomas Mealey, Christopher Leahey, Hannah Miller, A. Whitman Hall-Spencer, Jason M. Milazzo, Marco Maers, Kelly Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Rising atmospheric CO2 often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which link carbon availability to phenolic biosynthesis. CO2 availability is also increasing in the oceans, where anthropogenic emissions cause ocean acidification, decreasing seawater pH and shifting the carbonate system towards further CO2 enrichment. Such conditions tend to increase seagrass productivity but may also increase rates of grazing on these marine plants. Here we show that high CO2 / low pH conditions of OA decrease, rather than increase, concentrations of phenolic protective substances in seagrasses and eurysaline marine plants. We observed a loss of simple and polymeric phenolics in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa near a volcanic CO2 vent on the Island of Vulcano, Italy, where pH values decreased from 8.1 to 7.3 and pCO2 concentrations increased ten-fold. We observed similar responses in two estuarine species, Ruppia maritima and Potamogeton perfoliatus, in in situ Free-Ocean-Carbon-Enrichment experiments conducted in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. These responses are strikingly different than those exhibited by terrestrial plants. The loss of phenolic substances may explain the higher-than-usual rates of grazing observed near undersea CO2 vents and suggests that ocean acidification may alter coastal carbon fluxes by affecting rates of decomposition, grazing, and disease. Our observations temper recent predictions that seagrasses would necessarily be “winners” in a high CO2 world. |
format |
Text |
author |
Arnold, Thomas Mealey, Christopher Leahey, Hannah Miller, A. Whitman Hall-Spencer, Jason M. Milazzo, Marco Maers, Kelly |
author_facet |
Arnold, Thomas Mealey, Christopher Leahey, Hannah Miller, A. Whitman Hall-Spencer, Jason M. Milazzo, Marco Maers, Kelly |
author_sort |
Arnold, Thomas |
title |
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
title_short |
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
title_full |
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
title_fullStr |
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants |
title_sort |
ocean acidification and the loss of phenolic substances in marine plants |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338829 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558120 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 |
genre |
Ocean acidification |
genre_facet |
Ocean acidification |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3338829 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22558120 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 |
op_rights |
Arnold et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107 |
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PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
7 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
e35107 |
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1766156645951340544 |