The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat
The association of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba with the under-ice habitat was investigated in the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) during austral summer, autumn and winter. Data were obtained using novel Surface and Under Ice Trawls (SUIT), which sampled the 0–2 m surface layer both under sea ice...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3285626 2023-05-15T13:57:48+02:00 The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat Flores, Hauke van Franeker, Jan Andries Siegel, Volker Haraldsson, Matilda Strass, Volker Meesters, Erik Hubert Bathmann, Ulrich Wolff, Willem Jan 2012-02-23 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285626 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384073 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285626 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 Flores et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2012 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 2013-09-04T03:01:12Z The association of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba with the under-ice habitat was investigated in the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) during austral summer, autumn and winter. Data were obtained using novel Surface and Under Ice Trawls (SUIT), which sampled the 0–2 m surface layer both under sea ice and in open water. Average surface layer densities ranged between 0.8 individuals m−2 in summer and autumn, and 2.7 individuals m−2 in winter. In summer, under-ice densities of Antarctic krill were significantly higher than in open waters. In autumn, the opposite pattern was observed. Under winter sea ice, densities were often low, but repeatedly far exceeded summer and autumn maxima. Statistical models showed that during summer high densities of Antarctic krill in the 0–2 m layer were associated with high ice coverage and shallow mixed layer depths, among other factors. In autumn and winter, density was related to hydrographical parameters. Average under-ice densities from the 0–2 m layer were higher than corresponding values from the 0–200 m layer collected with Rectangular Midwater Trawls (RMT) in summer. In winter, under-ice densities far surpassed maximum 0–200 m densities on several occasions. This indicates that the importance of the ice-water interface layer may be under-estimated by the pelagic nets and sonars commonly used to estimate the population size of Antarctic krill for management purposes, due to their limited ability to sample this habitat. Our results provide evidence for an almost year-round association of Antarctic krill with the under-ice habitat, hundreds of kilometres into the ice-covered area of the Lazarev Sea. Local concentrations of postlarval Antarctic krill under winter sea ice suggest that sea ice biota are important for their winter survival. These findings emphasise the susceptibility of an ecological key species to changing sea ice habitats, suggesting potential ramifications on Antarctic ecosystems induced by climate change. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Lazarev Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean PubMed Central (PMC) Antarctic Austral Lazarev ENVELOPE(12.917,12.917,-69.967,-69.967) Lazarev Sea ENVELOPE(7.000,7.000,-68.000,-68.000) Southern Ocean PLoS ONE 7 2 e31775 |
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Open Polar |
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PubMed Central (PMC) |
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ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Flores, Hauke van Franeker, Jan Andries Siegel, Volker Haraldsson, Matilda Strass, Volker Meesters, Erik Hubert Bathmann, Ulrich Wolff, Willem Jan The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
The association of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba with the under-ice habitat was investigated in the Lazarev Sea (Southern Ocean) during austral summer, autumn and winter. Data were obtained using novel Surface and Under Ice Trawls (SUIT), which sampled the 0–2 m surface layer both under sea ice and in open water. Average surface layer densities ranged between 0.8 individuals m−2 in summer and autumn, and 2.7 individuals m−2 in winter. In summer, under-ice densities of Antarctic krill were significantly higher than in open waters. In autumn, the opposite pattern was observed. Under winter sea ice, densities were often low, but repeatedly far exceeded summer and autumn maxima. Statistical models showed that during summer high densities of Antarctic krill in the 0–2 m layer were associated with high ice coverage and shallow mixed layer depths, among other factors. In autumn and winter, density was related to hydrographical parameters. Average under-ice densities from the 0–2 m layer were higher than corresponding values from the 0–200 m layer collected with Rectangular Midwater Trawls (RMT) in summer. In winter, under-ice densities far surpassed maximum 0–200 m densities on several occasions. This indicates that the importance of the ice-water interface layer may be under-estimated by the pelagic nets and sonars commonly used to estimate the population size of Antarctic krill for management purposes, due to their limited ability to sample this habitat. Our results provide evidence for an almost year-round association of Antarctic krill with the under-ice habitat, hundreds of kilometres into the ice-covered area of the Lazarev Sea. Local concentrations of postlarval Antarctic krill under winter sea ice suggest that sea ice biota are important for their winter survival. These findings emphasise the susceptibility of an ecological key species to changing sea ice habitats, suggesting potential ramifications on Antarctic ecosystems induced by climate change. |
format |
Text |
author |
Flores, Hauke van Franeker, Jan Andries Siegel, Volker Haraldsson, Matilda Strass, Volker Meesters, Erik Hubert Bathmann, Ulrich Wolff, Willem Jan |
author_facet |
Flores, Hauke van Franeker, Jan Andries Siegel, Volker Haraldsson, Matilda Strass, Volker Meesters, Erik Hubert Bathmann, Ulrich Wolff, Willem Jan |
author_sort |
Flores, Hauke |
title |
The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
title_short |
The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
title_full |
The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
title_fullStr |
The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Association of Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba with the Under-Ice Habitat |
title_sort |
association of antarctic krill euphausia superba with the under-ice habitat |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285626 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384073 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.917,12.917,-69.967,-69.967) ENVELOPE(7.000,7.000,-68.000,-68.000) |
geographic |
Antarctic Austral Lazarev Lazarev Sea Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Austral Lazarev Lazarev Sea Southern Ocean |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Lazarev Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Euphausia superba Lazarev Sea Sea ice Southern Ocean |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3285626 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384073 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 |
op_rights |
Flores et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0031775 |
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PLoS ONE |
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7 |
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2 |
container_start_page |
e31775 |
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1766265704143650816 |