Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos
Plausible estimates for the effect of soot on snow and ice albedos (1.5% in the Arctic and 3% in Northern Hemisphere land areas) yield a climate forcing of +0.3 W/m2 in the Northern Hemisphere. The “efficacy” of this forcing is ∼2, i.e., for a given forcing it is twice as effective as CO2 in alterin...
Published in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
National Academy of Sciences
2004
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699053 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:327163 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:327163 2023-05-15T14:56:18+02:00 Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos Hansen, James Nazarenko, Larissa 2004-01-13 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699053 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 en eng National Academy of Sciences http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699053 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 Copyright © 2004, The National Academy of Sciences Physical Sciences Text 2004 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 2013-08-29T19:57:18Z Plausible estimates for the effect of soot on snow and ice albedos (1.5% in the Arctic and 3% in Northern Hemisphere land areas) yield a climate forcing of +0.3 W/m2 in the Northern Hemisphere. The “efficacy” of this forcing is ∼2, i.e., for a given forcing it is twice as effective as CO2 in altering global surface air temperature. This indirect soot forcing may have contributed to global warming of the past century, including the trend toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, thinning Arctic sea ice, and melting land ice and permafrost. If, as we suggest, melting ice and sea level rise define the level of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, then reducing soot emissions, thus restoring snow albedos to pristine high values, would have the double benefit of reducing global warming and raising the global temperature level at which dangerous anthropogenic interference occurs. However, soot contributions to climate change do not alter the conclusion that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have been the main cause of recent global warming and will be the predominant climate forcing in the future. Text Arctic Climate change Global warming Ice permafrost Sea ice PubMed Central (PMC) Arctic Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 2 423 428 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Physical Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Physical Sciences Hansen, James Nazarenko, Larissa Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
topic_facet |
Physical Sciences |
description |
Plausible estimates for the effect of soot on snow and ice albedos (1.5% in the Arctic and 3% in Northern Hemisphere land areas) yield a climate forcing of +0.3 W/m2 in the Northern Hemisphere. The “efficacy” of this forcing is ∼2, i.e., for a given forcing it is twice as effective as CO2 in altering global surface air temperature. This indirect soot forcing may have contributed to global warming of the past century, including the trend toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, thinning Arctic sea ice, and melting land ice and permafrost. If, as we suggest, melting ice and sea level rise define the level of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, then reducing soot emissions, thus restoring snow albedos to pristine high values, would have the double benefit of reducing global warming and raising the global temperature level at which dangerous anthropogenic interference occurs. However, soot contributions to climate change do not alter the conclusion that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have been the main cause of recent global warming and will be the predominant climate forcing in the future. |
format |
Text |
author |
Hansen, James Nazarenko, Larissa |
author_facet |
Hansen, James Nazarenko, Larissa |
author_sort |
Hansen, James |
title |
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
title_short |
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
title_full |
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
title_fullStr |
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
title_full_unstemmed |
Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
title_sort |
soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos |
publisher |
National Academy of Sciences |
publishDate |
2004 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699053 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Global warming Ice permafrost Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Global warming Ice permafrost Sea ice |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC327163 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14699053 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 |
op_rights |
Copyright © 2004, The National Academy of Sciences |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2237157100 |
container_title |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
container_volume |
101 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
423 |
op_container_end_page |
428 |
_version_ |
1766328321027604480 |