Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern r...
Published in: | PLoS ONE |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Text |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Public Library of Science
2011
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212518 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096495 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
id |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3212518 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3212518 2023-05-15T17:03:25+02:00 Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon Williams, Rob Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A. Clark, Steve Hammond, Philip S. Hoyt, Erich Noren, Dawn P. Rosen, David Winship, Arliss 2011-11-09 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212518 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096495 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212518 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 Williams et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2011 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 2013-09-03T22:21:37Z Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada–US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... Text Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale PubMed Central (PMC) Canada Pacific PLoS ONE 6 11 e26738 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
PubMed Central (PMC) |
op_collection_id |
ftpubmed |
language |
English |
topic |
Research Article |
spellingShingle |
Research Article Williams, Rob Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A. Clark, Steve Hammond, Philip S. Hoyt, Erich Noren, Dawn P. Rosen, David Winship, Arliss Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
topic_facet |
Research Article |
description |
Ecosystem-based management (EBM) of marine resources attempts to conserve interacting species. In contrast to single-species fisheries management, EBM aims to identify and resolve conflicting objectives for different species. Such a conflict may be emerging in the northeastern Pacific for southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) and their primary prey, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Both species have at-risk conservation status and transboundary (Canada–US) ranges. We modeled individual killer whale prey requirements from feeding and growth records of captive killer whales and morphometric data from historic live-capture fishery and whaling records worldwide. The models, combined with caloric value of salmon, and demographic and diet data for wild killer whales, allow us to predict salmon quantities needed to maintain and recover this killer whale population, which numbered 87 individuals in 2009. Our analyses provide new information on cost of lactation and new parameter estimates for other killer whale populations globally. Prey requirements of southern resident killer whales are difficult to reconcile with fisheries and conservation objectives for Chinook salmon, because the number of fish required is large relative to annual returns and fishery catches. For instance, a U.S. recovery goal (2.3% annual population growth of killer whales over 28 years) implies a 75% increase in energetic requirements. Reducing salmon fisheries may serve as a temporary mitigation measure to allow time for management actions to improve salmon productivity to take effect. As ecosystem-based fishery management becomes more prevalent, trade-offs between conservation objectives for predators and prey will become increasingly necessary. Our approach offers scenarios to compare relative influence of various sources of uncertainty on the resulting consumption estimates to prioritise future research efforts, and a general approach for assessing the extent of conflict between conservation objectives for threatened or ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Williams, Rob Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A. Clark, Steve Hammond, Philip S. Hoyt, Erich Noren, Dawn P. Rosen, David Winship, Arliss |
author_facet |
Williams, Rob Krkošek, Martin Ashe, Erin Branch, Trevor A. Clark, Steve Hammond, Philip S. Hoyt, Erich Noren, Dawn P. Rosen, David Winship, Arliss |
author_sort |
Williams, Rob |
title |
Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
title_short |
Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
title_full |
Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
title_fullStr |
Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
title_full_unstemmed |
Competing Conservation Objectives for Predators and Prey: Estimating Killer Whale Prey Requirements for Chinook Salmon |
title_sort |
competing conservation objectives for predators and prey: estimating killer whale prey requirements for chinook salmon |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212518 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096495 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
geographic |
Canada Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Canada Pacific |
genre |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Killer Whale Orca Orcinus orca Killer whale |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3212518 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22096495 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
op_rights |
Williams et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026738 |
container_title |
PLoS ONE |
container_volume |
6 |
container_issue |
11 |
container_start_page |
e26738 |
_version_ |
1766057276691447808 |