The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population
Patterns of genetic diversity have previously been shown to mirror geography on a global scale and within continents and individual countries. Using genome-wide SNP data on 5174 Swedes with extensive geographical coverage, we analyzed the genetic structure of the Swedish population. We observed stro...
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ftpubmed:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3150368 2023-05-15T17:44:29+02:00 The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population Humphreys, Keith Grankvist, Alexander Leu, Monica Hall, Per Liu, Jianjun Ripatti, Samuli Rehnström, Karola Groop, Leif Klareskog, Lars Ding, Bo Grönberg, Henrik Xu, Jianfeng Pedersen, Nancy L. Lichtenstein, Paul Mattingsdal, Morten Andreassen, Ole A. O'Dushlaine, Colm Purcell, Shaun M. Sklar, Pamela Sullivan, Patrick F. Hultman, Christina M. Palmgren, Juni Magnusson, Patrik K. E. 2011-08-04 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150368 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829632 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 en eng Public Library of Science http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150368 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 Humphreys et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. CC-BY Research Article Text 2011 ftpubmed https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 2013-09-03T18:16:49Z Patterns of genetic diversity have previously been shown to mirror geography on a global scale and within continents and individual countries. Using genome-wide SNP data on 5174 Swedes with extensive geographical coverage, we analyzed the genetic structure of the Swedish population. We observed strong differences between the far northern counties and the remaining counties. The population of Dalarna county, in north middle Sweden, which borders southern Norway, also appears to differ markedly from other counties, possibly due to this county having more individuals with remote Finnish or Norwegian ancestry than other counties. An analysis of genetic differentiation (based on pairwise Fst) indicated that the population of Sweden's southernmost counties are genetically closer to the HapMap CEU samples of Northern European ancestry than to the populations of Sweden's northernmost counties. In a comparison of extended homozygous segments, we detected a clear divide between southern and northern Sweden with small differences between the southern counties and considerably more segments in northern Sweden. Both the increased degree of homozygosity in the north and the large genetic differences between the south and the north may have arisen due to a small population in the north and the vast geographical distances between towns and villages in the north, in contrast to the more densely settled southern parts of Sweden. Our findings have implications for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to the matching of cases and controls and the need for within-county matching. We have shown that genetic differences within a single country may be substantial, even when viewed on a European scale. Thus, population stratification needs to be accounted for, even within a country like Sweden, which is often perceived to be relatively homogenous and a favourable resource for genetic mapping, otherwise inferences based on genetic data may lead to false conclusions. Text Northern Sweden PubMed Central (PMC) Norway PLoS ONE 6 8 e22547 |
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Research Article |
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Research Article Humphreys, Keith Grankvist, Alexander Leu, Monica Hall, Per Liu, Jianjun Ripatti, Samuli Rehnström, Karola Groop, Leif Klareskog, Lars Ding, Bo Grönberg, Henrik Xu, Jianfeng Pedersen, Nancy L. Lichtenstein, Paul Mattingsdal, Morten Andreassen, Ole A. O'Dushlaine, Colm Purcell, Shaun M. Sklar, Pamela Sullivan, Patrick F. Hultman, Christina M. Palmgren, Juni Magnusson, Patrik K. E. The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
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Research Article |
description |
Patterns of genetic diversity have previously been shown to mirror geography on a global scale and within continents and individual countries. Using genome-wide SNP data on 5174 Swedes with extensive geographical coverage, we analyzed the genetic structure of the Swedish population. We observed strong differences between the far northern counties and the remaining counties. The population of Dalarna county, in north middle Sweden, which borders southern Norway, also appears to differ markedly from other counties, possibly due to this county having more individuals with remote Finnish or Norwegian ancestry than other counties. An analysis of genetic differentiation (based on pairwise Fst) indicated that the population of Sweden's southernmost counties are genetically closer to the HapMap CEU samples of Northern European ancestry than to the populations of Sweden's northernmost counties. In a comparison of extended homozygous segments, we detected a clear divide between southern and northern Sweden with small differences between the southern counties and considerably more segments in northern Sweden. Both the increased degree of homozygosity in the north and the large genetic differences between the south and the north may have arisen due to a small population in the north and the vast geographical distances between towns and villages in the north, in contrast to the more densely settled southern parts of Sweden. Our findings have implications for future genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with respect to the matching of cases and controls and the need for within-county matching. We have shown that genetic differences within a single country may be substantial, even when viewed on a European scale. Thus, population stratification needs to be accounted for, even within a country like Sweden, which is often perceived to be relatively homogenous and a favourable resource for genetic mapping, otherwise inferences based on genetic data may lead to false conclusions. |
format |
Text |
author |
Humphreys, Keith Grankvist, Alexander Leu, Monica Hall, Per Liu, Jianjun Ripatti, Samuli Rehnström, Karola Groop, Leif Klareskog, Lars Ding, Bo Grönberg, Henrik Xu, Jianfeng Pedersen, Nancy L. Lichtenstein, Paul Mattingsdal, Morten Andreassen, Ole A. O'Dushlaine, Colm Purcell, Shaun M. Sklar, Pamela Sullivan, Patrick F. Hultman, Christina M. Palmgren, Juni Magnusson, Patrik K. E. |
author_facet |
Humphreys, Keith Grankvist, Alexander Leu, Monica Hall, Per Liu, Jianjun Ripatti, Samuli Rehnström, Karola Groop, Leif Klareskog, Lars Ding, Bo Grönberg, Henrik Xu, Jianfeng Pedersen, Nancy L. Lichtenstein, Paul Mattingsdal, Morten Andreassen, Ole A. O'Dushlaine, Colm Purcell, Shaun M. Sklar, Pamela Sullivan, Patrick F. Hultman, Christina M. Palmgren, Juni Magnusson, Patrik K. E. |
author_sort |
Humphreys, Keith |
title |
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
title_short |
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
title_full |
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
title_fullStr |
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
title_full_unstemmed |
The Genetic Structure of the Swedish Population |
title_sort |
genetic structure of the swedish population |
publisher |
Public Library of Science |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150368 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829632 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Northern Sweden |
genre_facet |
Northern Sweden |
op_relation |
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150368 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21829632 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 |
op_rights |
Humphreys et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022547 |
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PLoS ONE |
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6 |
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8 |
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